Cells Flashcards
What are all living things made out of?
Cells.
What groups can cells be classed into?
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic.
What is a eukaryotic cell?
Eukaryotic cells are complex and include all plant and animal cells. Eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles e.g. nucleus.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells (e.g. bacteria). Prokaryotic cells don’t have any membrane bound organelles.
What are eukaryotes?
Eukaryotes are organisms that are made up of eukaryotic cells.
What are prokaryotes?
A prokaryote is a prokaryotic cell (they are single-celled).
What are different parts of a cell called?
Sub-cellular structures.
What is the function of the cell wall?
To support the cell and to strengthen it.
What sub-cellular structures do bacteria cells contain?
Chromosomal DNA, Plasmid DNA, Ribosomes, Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Flagellum (plural flagella).
What is the chromosomal DNA in a bacteria cell?
One long circular chromosome.
What is the function of the chromosomal DNA in a bacteria cell?
It controls the cells activities and replication.
Where is the chromosomal DNA in a bacteria cell?
It floats free in the cytoplasm (there is no nucleus).
What is plasmid DNA?
Plasmid DNA is small loops of extra DNA in a bacterial cell that aren’t part of the chromosome.
What do plasmids contain?
Genes for things like drugs resistance which can be passed between bacteria.
What are flagellum?
Long hair-like structures that rotate to make the bacterium move.
What can flagellum be used for?
To move bacterial cells away from harmful substances like toxins and towards beneficial substances such as nutrients or oxygen.
What do multicellular organisms contain?
Multicellular organisms contain lots of different types of cells - cells with different structures.
