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Year 8 Science > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Fill in the blanks: _____ reproduction occurs when offspring are produced without uniting a sperm and egg.

A

asexual

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2
Q

Fill in the blanks: ________ is a form of asexual reproduction that occurs when a small cell “pinches” off from a large cell.

A

Budding

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3
Q

Fill in the blanks: _____________is a form of asexual reproduction that occurs when new plants grow from the roots, stem, or leaves of other plants.

A

vegetative propagation

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4
Q

Fill in the blanks: ________________ is a form of asexual reproduction that occurs when one cell “pinches” into two identical cells.

A

binary fission

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5
Q

Fill in the blanks: _______ and ______ both use budding for reproduction.

A

Yeast and hydra

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6
Q

Fill in the blanks: ________ can reproduce by binary fission.

A

Bacteria

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7
Q

Fill in the blanks: Asexual reproduction results in offspring that are _______, genetically identical to each other.

A

Clones

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8
Q

Fill in the blanks: ______ reproduction occurs when a sperm is united with an egg.

A

Sexual

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9
Q

Fill in the blanks: ___________ or growth is the process by which an organism is able to grow back a lost or broken body part.

A

Regeneration

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10
Q

Fill in the blanks: _________ and _________ are organisms that are able to reproduce through the process of regeneration.

A

Sea starts and planarian

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11
Q

Fill in the blanks: _________ is a hormone associated with male sexual development and reproduction.

A

Testosterone

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12
Q

Fill in the blanks: _______ and _______ are hormones associated with female sexual development and reproduction.

A

estrogen and progesterone

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13
Q

Fill in the blanks: _______ the organ that allows nutrients and oxygen to pass from the mother’s blood to the fetus.

A

Placenta

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14
Q

Fill in the blanks: _______ the unborn, developing young of an animal or human during the later stages of pregnancy.

A

Fetus

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15
Q

Fill in the blanks: _______ an organism in the early stages of development.

A

Embryo

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16
Q

Fill in the blanks: _______ the cell that results from the joining of the egg and sperm.

A

Zygote

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17
Q

Fill in the blanks: ______ the process that divides the cell’s nucleus into two, each with a complete set of DNA from the parent cell.

A

Mitosis

18
Q

Fill in the blanks: ______ the process that results in the production of sex cells (sperm and egg)

A

Meiosis

19
Q

Fill in the blanks: ______ the process that combines the nucleus of a sperm with the nucleus of an egg cell.

A

Fertilisation

20
Q

Fill in the blanks: ______ include the sex cells: sperm and egg.

A

Gametes

21
Q

Define: chlorophyll

A

A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria

22
Q

Define: organelle

A

The tiny structures within cells that carry out a specific function within the cell

23
Q

Define: products

A

The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction.

24
Q

Define: reactants

A

A starting material in a chemical reaction

25
Q

Define: stomata

A

A microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange between the environment and the interior of the plant.

26
Q

Define: photosynthesis

A

A process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light and energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates, such as sugars and starches.

27
Q

Define: chloroplast

A

An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs

28
Q

Define: cellular respiration

A

Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen. Takes place in the mitochondria.

29
Q

Define: mitochondria

A

An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.

30
Q

Define: element

A

A pure substance made of only one kind of atom

31
Q

Define: compound

A

A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

32
Q

Define: cell wall

A

A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.

33
Q

Define: cell

A

the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms

34
Q

Define: xylem

A

Nonliving vascular tissue that carries water and dissolved minerals from the roots of a plant to its leaves

35
Q

Define: phloem

A

Living vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic substances throughout a plant

36
Q

Define: cell membrane

A

A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.

37
Q

Define: cytoplasm

A

All the material of the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus

38
Q

Define: nucleus

A

Contains DNA which controls how the body grows and changes.

39
Q

Define: chromosome

A

Made of materials including DNA carry instructions for the cells to do their jobs

40
Q

Define: vacuole

A

In cells they store and break down materials, in plant cells they may store water

Year 8 Science (6 decks)

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