Cells Flashcards
Fill in the blanks: _____ reproduction occurs when offspring are produced without uniting a sperm and egg.
asexual
Fill in the blanks: ________ is a form of asexual reproduction that occurs when a small cell “pinches” off from a large cell.
Budding
Fill in the blanks: _____________is a form of asexual reproduction that occurs when new plants grow from the roots, stem, or leaves of other plants.
vegetative propagation
Fill in the blanks: ________________ is a form of asexual reproduction that occurs when one cell “pinches” into two identical cells.
binary fission
Fill in the blanks: _______ and ______ both use budding for reproduction.
Yeast and hydra
Fill in the blanks: ________ can reproduce by binary fission.
Bacteria
Fill in the blanks: Asexual reproduction results in offspring that are _______, genetically identical to each other.
Clones
Fill in the blanks: ______ reproduction occurs when a sperm is united with an egg.
Sexual
Fill in the blanks: ___________ or growth is the process by which an organism is able to grow back a lost or broken body part.
Regeneration
Fill in the blanks: _________ and _________ are organisms that are able to reproduce through the process of regeneration.
Sea starts and planarian
Fill in the blanks: _________ is a hormone associated with male sexual development and reproduction.
Testosterone
Fill in the blanks: _______ and _______ are hormones associated with female sexual development and reproduction.
estrogen and progesterone
Fill in the blanks: _______ the organ that allows nutrients and oxygen to pass from the mother’s blood to the fetus.
Placenta
Fill in the blanks: _______ the unborn, developing young of an animal or human during the later stages of pregnancy.
Fetus
Fill in the blanks: _______ an organism in the early stages of development.
Embryo
Fill in the blanks: _______ the cell that results from the joining of the egg and sperm.
Zygote
Fill in the blanks: ______ the process that divides the cell’s nucleus into two, each with a complete set of DNA from the parent cell.
Mitosis
Fill in the blanks: ______ the process that results in the production of sex cells (sperm and egg)
Meiosis
Fill in the blanks: ______ the process that combines the nucleus of a sperm with the nucleus of an egg cell.
Fertilisation
Fill in the blanks: ______ include the sex cells: sperm and egg.
Gametes
Define: chlorophyll
A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria
Define: organelle
The tiny structures within cells that carry out a specific function within the cell
Define: products
The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction.
Define: reactants
A starting material in a chemical reaction
Define: stomata
A microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange between the environment and the interior of the plant.
Define: photosynthesis
A process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light and energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates, such as sugars and starches.
Define: chloroplast
An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
Define: cellular respiration
Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen. Takes place in the mitochondria.
Define: mitochondria
An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.
Define: element
A pure substance made of only one kind of atom
Define: compound
A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
Define: cell wall
A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.
Define: cell
the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms
Define: xylem
Nonliving vascular tissue that carries water and dissolved minerals from the roots of a plant to its leaves
Define: phloem
Living vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic substances throughout a plant
Define: cell membrane
A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.
Define: cytoplasm
All the material of the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus
Define: nucleus
Contains DNA which controls how the body grows and changes.
Define: chromosome
Made of materials including DNA carry instructions for the cells to do their jobs
Define: vacuole
In cells they store and break down materials, in plant cells they may store water
