Cells Flashcards
What organelle is responsible for releasing energy?
The mitochondrion (or mitochondria)
What is the gel like fluid inside cells?
Cytoplasm
What is the role of the nucleus?
It is the “brain” of the cell, and directs it’s activities.
What organelles are unique to plant cells?
The chloroplast and cell wall.
What are the three major rules of cell theory?
All living things are made up of cells.
The cell is the functioning unit of life.
All cells come from preexisting cells.
What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum (E.R)?
To transport materials around the cell.
What is the role of the golgi bodies?
To package proteins and move them throughout the cell.
What is a vacuole?
A sack of nutrients, waste, or water.
What is diffusion?
The process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.
What is Osmosis?
A specialized type of diffusion in which water particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Define Brownian Motion.
The small movements made by molecules due to their stored kinetic and thermal energy.
What is a lysosome, and what does one do?
An organelle that is also known as the “suicide sac”, for killing the cell if it is infected. It digests food, as well as repairing the cell membrane and fighting against pathogens.
What are the functions of a cell?
Intake of nutrients Movement Waste removal Exchange of gases Growth Response to stimuli Reproduction
What do ribosomes do?
They manufacture proteins, which are important to cell functions, so there are usually lots.
How does magnification work in microscopes?
The ocular lens is 10x, and multiplies by either 4, 10, or 100.
What’s the difference between hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic?
Isotonic is the same concentration of water as the solution through a semipermeable membrane, Hypertonic is low concentration, and Hypotonic has high concentration.
What are the phases of mitosis?
Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. There is also another phase called the “resting phase”, where cells only perform normal cell functions.
What are the corresponding letters for cell phases?
G0 (resting), G1 (duplication of organelles), S, (duplication of chromosomes), G2 (checking for mistakes unlike me),
What is the purpose of mitosis?
Growing, repairing, and reproduction (asexual)
How does mitosis differ in plant cells?
Plants don’t have centrioles, so they use vesicles from the golgi bodies, which also form the cell plate and eventually the cell wall.
How do you treat benign cancer?
Surgically remove it.
What’s the difference between chemotherapy and radiation treatment?
Chemotherapy is medicine that you take, whereas radiation is being bombarded with radiation to kill the cancer (and some of your own) cells.
In what stage does cancer occur?
Mutations during the S phase (copying chromosomes)
What are some differences between regular and cancerous cells?
Cancerous cells multiply faster, have larger nuclei than normal cells with coarse chromatin, and sometimes have multiple nuclei.
