Cells

Question 1

What organelle is responsible for releasing energy?

Answer 1

The mitochondrion (or mitochondria)

Question 2

What is the gel like fluid inside cells?

Answer 2

Cytoplasm

Question 3

What is the role of the nucleus?

Answer 3

It is the “brain” of the cell, and directs it’s activities.

Question 4

What organelles are unique to plant cells?

Answer 4

The chloroplast and cell wall.

Question 5

What are the three major rules of cell theory?

Answer 5

All living things are made up of cells.
The cell is the functioning unit of life.
All cells come from preexisting cells.

Question 6

What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum (E.R)?

Answer 6

To transport materials around the cell.

Question 7

What is the role of the golgi bodies?

Answer 7

To package proteins and move them throughout the cell.

Question 8

What is a vacuole?

Answer 8

A sack of nutrients, waste, or water.

Question 9

What is diffusion?

Answer 9

The process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

Question 10

What is Osmosis?

Answer 10

A specialized type of diffusion in which water particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 11

Define Brownian Motion.

Answer 11

The small movements made by molecules due to their stored kinetic and thermal energy.

Question 12

What is a lysosome, and what does one do?

Answer 12

An organelle that is also known as the “suicide sac”, for killing the cell if it is infected. It digests food, as well as repairing the cell membrane and fighting against pathogens.

Question 13

What are the functions of a cell?

Answer 13

Intake of nutrients
Movement
Waste removal
Exchange of gases
Growth
Response to stimuli
Reproduction

Question 14

What do ribosomes do?

Answer 14

They manufacture proteins, which are important to cell functions, so there are usually lots.

Question 15

How does magnification work in microscopes?

Answer 15

The ocular lens is 10x, and multiplies by either 4, 10, or 100.

Question 16

What’s the difference between hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic?

Answer 16

Isotonic is the same concentration of water as the solution through a semipermeable membrane, Hypertonic is low concentration, and Hypotonic has high concentration.

Question 17

What are the phases of mitosis?

Answer 17

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. There is also another phase called the “resting phase”, where cells only perform normal cell functions.

Question 18

What are the corresponding letters for cell phases?

Answer 18

G0 (resting), G1 (duplication of organelles), S, (duplication of chromosomes), G2 (checking for mistakes unlike me),

Question 19

What is the purpose of mitosis?

Answer 19

Growing, repairing, and reproduction (asexual)

Question 20

How does mitosis differ in plant cells?

Answer 20

Plants don’t have centrioles, so they use vesicles from the golgi bodies, which also form the cell plate and eventually the cell wall.

Question 21

How do you treat benign cancer?

Answer 21

Surgically remove it.

Question 22

What’s the difference between chemotherapy and radiation treatment?

Answer 22

Chemotherapy is medicine that you take, whereas radiation is being bombarded with radiation to kill the cancer (and some of your own) cells.

Question 23

In what stage does cancer occur?

Answer 23

Mutations during the S phase (copying chromosomes)

Question 24

What are some differences between regular and cancerous cells?

Answer 24

Cancerous cells multiply faster, have larger nuclei than normal cells with coarse chromatin, and sometimes have multiple nuclei.

Question 25

What is the name for cell suicide?

Answer 25

Apoptosis

Question 26

What is it called when cancerous cells move around the body?

Answer 26

Becoming metastasized.

Question 27

What three cells do not undergo mitosis (human cells)

Answer 27

Sperm, Eggs, and Nerve cells

Question 28

When does cytokinesis occur?

Answer 28

After telophase

Question 29

How many chromosomes does each cell have?

Answer 29

46, then 92 in early prophase, until the cell divides and creates two identical cells with 46 again.

Question 30

What are centeromeres?

Answer 30

They are the orbs that connect each pair of sister chromatids.