cells Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

A
  • acts as cell brain
  • contains DNA
  • produces RNA for the production of proteins
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2
Q

Describe what a mitochondria is and what is does.

A
  • double membrane bound organelle
  • outer membrane site of lipid synthesis and FFA metabolism
  • inner membrane site of oxidative phosphorylation for ATP production
  • matrix is the site of krebs cycle
  • intramembranous space site of nucleotide phosphorylation
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3
Q

what is an endoplasmic reticulum? what does it do?

A
  • highly folded membraneous sac
  • can be smooth and rough
  • rough = protein production and attached to nuclear pores
  • smooth = membrane lipid production and protein synthesis
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4
Q

what is the golgi apparatus? what does it do?

A

-parallel membrane sheets
-has three parts
cis - receives vesicles from the SER and protein phosphorylation
medial - modify by the addition of sugars
trans - proteolysis to active products and vesicle packaging

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5
Q

what is the purpose of the cytoskeleton?

A

to maintain the shape of the cell and facilitate the transport of materials

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6
Q

what are the filaments that make up the cytoskeleton?

A

microfilaments - actin
intermediate filaments - differ from cell to cell
micro tubules - tubulin arise from centromeres

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7
Q

what things make up the phospholipid bilayer?

A
  • phospholipids
  • glycoproteins - integral proteins
  • glycolipids - communication
  • cholesterol - maintain membrane fluidity
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8
Q

what is the function of the phospholipid bilayer?

A
  • compartmentalisation
  • regulation of things in and out
  • cells response to signals
  • insulate - myelin - sphingomyelin
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9
Q

what are the three types of cell junction?

A

occluding - tight junctions that seal cells together
anchoring - anchor cell to cell or cell to matrix - mainly actin - adherens
communicating junction - gap junctions - allow the movement of water soluble ions between cells

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10
Q

what type of a junction is a desmosome?

A

it’s an anchoring junction between intermediate filaments of a cell

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11
Q

what type of receptors are there?

A
  • channel - activation opens channels ie neurotransmitter activated channels
  • enzyme linked channels - activates intracellular enzymes
  • induce second messenger - usually cAMP or G protein
  • intracellular receptors - think steroid hormone
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12
Q

what are the characteristics of peptide hormones?

A
  • stored in vesicles
  • freely transported in the plasma
  • receptors are present on the cell surface membrane
  • usually induce a second messenger
  • generate a quick response when released
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13
Q

what are the characteristics of a steroid hormone?

A
  • they’re not stored anywhere they are made at response
  • transported through the blood attached to plasma proteins
  • receptors are found intracellularly usually in the nuclei
  • they directly alter transcription
  • repsonse time is slow can be hours or days
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