Cells

Question 1

Function of a nucleus.

Answer 1

To control the cell’s activities.

Question 2

Function of cytoplasm.

Answer 2

Where many chemical reactions take place.

Question 3

Function of a ribosome.

Answer 3

Where protein synthesis takes place.

Question 4

Function of a mitochondrion.

Answer 4

Where energy is released during aerobic respiration.

Question 5

Function of a cell membrane.

Answer 5

To control the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 6

What is a cell wall?

Answer 6

Made of cellulose for support.

Question 7

Function of chloroplasts.

Answer 7

Contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis, the chloroplasts absorb light energy to make food.

Question 8

Function of a permanent vacuole.

Answer 8

Well cell sap is stored.

Question 9

What are algae?

Answer 9

They are simple aquatic organisms which have many features similar to plants.

Question 10

Where is the genetic material found in a bacteria cell and why?

Answer 10

The genetic material is in the cytoplasm because bacteria cells do not have a nucleus.

Question 11

What is formed when bacteria multiply? What is different about these compared to single bacteria cells?

Answer 11

When they multiply they form colonies, which can be seen with the naked eye.

Question 12

How are mesophyll cells specialised?

Answer 12

They contain many chloroplasts for photosynthesis.

Question 13

How are gland cells which produce enzymes specialised?

Answer 13

They contain many ribosomes to make a lot of protein.

Question 14

For what function are neurones specialised?

Answer 14

They are specialised to carry electrical impulses to the CNS.

Question 15

Why are root hair cells important?

Answer 15

They increase the surface are of the root so that it can absorb water and mineral ions efficiently.

Question 16

What is diffusion?

Answer 16

Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an are of high to low concentration.

Question 17

What is the concentration gradient?

How does the steepness of the concentration gradient affect diffusion?

Answer 17

The difference in concentration between two areas.

The steeper the concentration gradient the faster the rate of diffusion.

Question 18

Give three examples of diffusion.

Answer 18

1) The diffusion of oxygen into the cells of the body from the bloodstream as the cells are respiring (and using up oxygen).
2) The diffusion of carbon dioxide into actively photosynthesising plant cells.
3) The diffusion of simple sugars and amino acids from the gut through cell membranes.

Question 19

On what does the net movement into or out of cells depend?

Answer 19

The concentration of particles on each side of the cell.

Question 20

What happens to cells during the development of a multi-cellular organism?

Answer 20

They differentiate.

Question 21

What is a tissue?

Answer 21

A tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and function.

Question 22

Name three animal tissues and describe their function.

Answer 22

1) Muscular tissue, contracts to bring about movement.
2) Epithelial tissue, covers the inside and outside of the body.
3) Glandular tissue, produces and secretes hormones and enzymes.

Question 23

Name three plant tissues and describe their function.

Answer 23

1) Epidermal tissue, covers the plant
2) Mesophyll tissue, which can photosynthesise
3) Xylem and phloem, which transport substances around the plant.

Question 24

What three tissues make up the stomach and what are their role?

Answer 24

1) Muscular tissue, churns up the stomach contents - mechanical digestion.
2) Glandular tissue - to release digestive juices.
3) Epithelial tissue to cover the outside and inside of the stomach.

Question 25

What three tissues do the stem, leaf and root organs contain?

Answer 25

1) Epidermal tissue
2) Mesophyll
3) Xylem and phloem

Question 26

What are organ systems?

Answer 26

Groups of organs working together to perform particular functions.

Question 27

What must be done before food can be absorbed into the bloodstream?
Which organ system is responsible for this process?

Answer 27

The food eaten by an individual must be changed from insoluble molecules into soluble molecules, then the soluble molecules can be absorbed into the bloodstream.

The digestive system.

Question 28

The digestive system is a muscular tube which includes what five main things?

Answer 28

1) Glands such as the pancreas and the salivary glands which produce the digestive juices,
2) The stomach and small intestine where digestion occurs.
3) The liver which produces bile.
4) The small intestine where the absorption of soluble food occurs.
5) The large intestine where food is absorbed from undigested food, producing faeces.