Cells Flashcards
What does the structure of different cells depend on?
The structures of different types of cells are related to their functions.
What does an animal and plant cell have in common?
Animal cells and plant cells have features in common, such as a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria and ribosome’s.
What do plant and algal cells have in common?
Plant and algal cells also have a cell wall, and often have chloroplasts and a permanent vacuole.
What does a Nucleus contain?
Contains genetic material, which controls the activities of the cell.
What happens in the Cytoplasm?
Most chemical processes take place here, controlled by enzymes.
What is the responsibility of the Cell Membrane?
Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
What happens in Mitochondria
Most energy is released by respiration here.
What happens in a Ribosome?
Protein synthesis happens here.
What does the Cell Wall do?
Strengthens the cell.
What does Chloroplasts contain and what does it do?
Contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
What does the permanent vacuole contain and what does it do?
Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid.
What is the structure of a Bacterial cell?
A bacterial cell has a different structure to an animal or plant cell. It has cytoplasm, a membrane and a surrounding cell wall, but the genetic material in a bacterial cell is not in a distinct nucleus.
What is a Bacterial cell?
A bacterium is a single-celled organism.
What is a Yeast cell?
Yeast is a single-celled organism.
What is the structure of a Yeast cell?
Like bacterial cells, yeast cells have cytoplasm and a membrane surrounded by a cell wall. But unlike bacterial cells, yeast cells have a nucleus.
What is a leaf specialised cells function and adaptation?
Function: absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
Adaptation: packed with chloroplasts. Regular shaped, closely packed cells form a continuous layer for efficient absorption of sunlight.
What is a root hair specialised cells function and adaptation?
Function: absorbs water and mineral ions from the soil.
Adaptation: long ‘finger-like’ process with very thin wall, which gives a large surface area.
What is a sperms specialised cells function and adaptation?
Function: fertilises an egg cell - female gamete.
Adaptation: The head contains genetic information and an enzyme to help penetrate the egg cell membrane. The middle section is packed with mitochondria for energy. The tail moves the sperm to the egg.
What is a red bloods specialised cells function and adaptation?
Function: contains haemoglobin to carry oxygen to the cells.
Adaptation: thin outer membrane to let oxygen diffuse through easily. Shape increases the surface area to allow more oxygen to be absorbed efficiently. No nucleus, so the whole cell is full of haemoglobin.
What is diffusion?
Dissolved substances have to pass through the cell membrane to get into or out of a cell. Diffusion is one of the processes that allows this to happen.
When does diffusion occur?
Diffusion occurs when particles spread. They move from a region where they are in high concentration to a region where they are in low concentration. Diffusion happens when the particles are free to move. This is true in gases and for particles dissolved in solutions. Particles diffuse down a concentration gradient, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. This is how the smell of cooking travels around the house from the kitchen, for example.
Two examples of diffusion down concentration gradients?
1-In the gut, the digested particles more from the gut cavity to blood in capillary of villus.
2- In the lungs, oxygen moves from the alveolar air space to the blood circulating around the lungs.
