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3. Animal cells and Tissues > Cells (3/3.1) > Flashcards

Cells (3/3.1) Flashcards

1
Q

The basic units of structure and function in living things

A

Cell-

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2
Q

-States that all living things are composed of cells

A

Cell Theory

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3
Q
  • a small, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell
A

Virus

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4
Q

is the process in which cells break down food and release the energy stored.

A

Cellular respiration-

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5
Q

is the energy currency of life, it is a high energy molecule found in every cell and its job is to store and supply the cell with needed energy

A

ATP-adenosine triphosphate, or ATP for short,

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6
Q

Widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things.

A

Cell theory

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7
Q

Cell size is LIMITED. true or false?

A

True

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8
Q

As cell size ____, it takes longer for material to ___ from the cell membrane to the interior of the cell.

A

increases; diffuse

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9
Q

Surface area-to-volume ratio: as a cell increases in size, the volume ____faster than surface area.

A

increases 10x

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10
Q

A ____is a membrane-covered structure that contains all of the materials necessary for life

A

cell

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11
Q

A change that affects the activity of an organism is called a

A

stimulus (plural: stimuli)

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12
Q

A stimulus can be anything else that causes an organism to respond in some way. Give other examples

A

gravity, light, sound, a chemical, hunger

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13
Q

The maintenance of a stable internal environment is called

A

homeostasis.

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14
Q

Function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane Made of porous cellulose so it does not regulate what enters and leaves, fungal walls (chitin)

A

Cell Wall

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15
Q

Functions: separates the inside of the cell from its environment, provides support and protection Controls what substances enter and leave the cell

A

Cell Membrane

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16
Q

Nickname: “The Control Center”- directs all activities in the cell
Function: holds the DNA

A

Nucleus

17
Q

____strands that contain genetic material, the instructions for directing the cell’s function.
_____dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes
_____surrounds nucleus, protects, composed of 2 phospholipid bilayers

A

Chromatin; Nucleolus; Nuclear Envelope -

18
Q

______

Nickname: _____- clear thick jellylike material
Function: supports and protects cell organelles

A

Cytoplasm; “Cytosol”

19
Q

_______

  • network of protein fibers found in all eukaryotic cells
  • supports the shape of the cell keeps organelles in fixed locations
  • helps move materials within the cell
A

Cytoskeleton

20
Q
  • responsible for cellular contractions, crawling. “pinching”
  • provide organization to the cell and move materials within the cell
  • provide structural stability
A

-actin filaments; - Microtubules; intermediate filaments

21
Q

______

Function: traps energy from the sun and uses it to produce food for the plant cell

A

Chloroplasts

22
Q

_______ are membranous sacs within the inner membrane

_______are stacks of thylakoids

A

thylakoids; -grana

23
Q

Nickname: “The Powerhouse”, rod shaped structures

Function: Energy formation Breaks down food to make ATP

A

Mitochondria

24
Q

is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy. Converts energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions.

A

ATP:

25
Q

________
-surrounded by 2 membranes -smooth, outer membrane

  • folded inner membrane with layers called _____
  • ______is within the inner membrane
  • intermembrane space is located between the two membranes
  • contain their own DNA
A

Mitochondria; cristae; matrix

26
Q

Function: Factories that produce proteins and transports to Golgi bodies from endoplasmic reticulum composed of ribosomal RNA and
proteins, grain-like in appearance

A

Ribosomes

27
Q

Nickname: “Roads”

Function: The internal delivery system of the cell, passageways that carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

28
Q
  • membranes that create a network of channels throughout the cytoplasm
  • attachment of ____ to the membrane gives a rough appearance
  • synthesis of proteins to be secreted, sent to lysosomes or plasma membrane
A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER); ribosomes

29
Q 
-relatively few ribosomes attached
functions:
-synthesis of membrane lipids 
-calcium storage
-detoxification of foreign substances
A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

30
Q

______: circular, but bigger than ribosomes

Nickname: “Clean-up Crews”, small round structures

Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells by ____, Contain chemicals that break down certain materials in the cell (macromolecules).

A

Lysosomes; phagocytosis

31
Q

_________

Nickname: The shippers

Function: receive proteins and other newly formed materials from the Endoplasmic Reticulum, packages, modifies, and transports materials to different locations inside/outside of the cell

A

Golgi Body/Apparatus

32
Q 
flatten stacks of
interconnected membranes (pancakes)
A

Golgi Apparatus

33
Q

____ is the highest taxonomic category, higher even than kingdom.

A

domain

34
Q

What are the three domains of life?

A

Archaea (archaeobacteria)
Bacteria (eubacteria)
Eukarya

35
Q

(a very heterogeneous group that are neither animals, plants or fungi and are often single cell and small e.g., protozoa).

A

protists

36
Q

Bacteria which show a wide variety of shapes within a single species are said to be
______

A

Pleomorphic.

3. Animal cells and Tissues (5 decks)

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