Cell cycle (3.2)

Question 1

The continuity of life is based on the reproduction of

cells, or ____

Answer 1

cell division

Question 2

Cell division is an integral part of the ____, the

life of a cell from its formation to its own division

Answer 2

cell cycle

Question 3

Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of _____, a complex of DNA and protein

Answer 3

chromatin

Question 4

___ cells (nonreproductive cells) have ____
sets of chromosomes
_____ (reproductive cells: sperm and eggs)
have ___ set of chromosomes

Answer 4

Somatic; two

Gametes; one

Question 5

Each duplicated chromosome has two __, joined identical copies of the original
chromosome
The ___ is where the two chromatids are
most closely attached

Answer 5

sister chromatids

centromere

Question 6

____, the division of the genetic material in the
nucleus
_____, the division of the cytoplasm

Answer 6

Mitosis

Cytokinesis

Question 7

In 1882, the German anatomist _____
developed dyes to observe chromosomes during
mitosis and cytokinesis

Answer 7

Walther Flemming

Question 8

The cell cycle consists of
 ____, including mitosis and cytokinesis
 _____ including cell growth and copying of
chromosomes in preparation for cell division

Answer 8

Mitotic (M) phase

Interphase,

Question 9

\_\_\_\_\_ (about 90% of the cell cycle) can be
divided into subphases
  \_\_phase (“first gap”)
 S phase (\_\_\_\_)
 \_\_ phase (“second gap”)

Answer 9

Interphase
G1
“synthesis”
G2

Question 10

The ____ is a structure made of

microtubules and associated proteins

Answer 10

mitotic spindle

Question 11

In animal cells, assembly of spindle microtubules
begins in the ____, a type of microtubule
organizing center

Answer 11

centrosome

Question 12

An \_\_\_ (radial array of short microtubules)
extends from each centrosome

Answer 12

aster

Question 13

____ are protein complexes that assemble

on sections of DNA at centromeres

Answer 13

Kinetochores

Question 14

At metaphase, the centromeres of all the
chromosomes are at the ____, an
imaginary structure at the midway point between
the spindle’s two poles

Answer 14

metaphase plate

Question 15

In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs by a process
known as cleavage, forming a ____
In plant cells, a ____ forms during cytokinesis

Answer 15

cleavage furrow

cell plate

Question 16

Prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) reproduce by a
type of cell division called ___
In E. coli, the single chromosome replicates,
beginning at the ___

Answer 16

binary fission

origin of replication

Question 17

The sequential events of the cell cycle are directed
by a distinct _____, which is
similar to a timing device of a washing machine

Answer 17

cell cycle control system

Question 18

If the cell does not receive the go-ahead signal, it
will exit the cycle, switching into a nondividing state
called the ____

Answer 18

G0 phase

Question 19

The cell cycle is regulated by a set of regulatory
proteins and protein complexes including kinases
and proteins called ___

Answer 19

cyclins

Question 20

____ allows sister chromatids to separate,

triggering the onset of anaphase

Answer 20

Separase

Question 21

Another example of external signals is ____, in which crowded cells stop
dividing
Most animal cells also exhibit _____, in which they must be attached to a substratum in order to divide
Cancer cells exhibit ___ density-dependent
inhibition nor anchorage dependence

Answer 21

density-dependent inhibition
anchorage dependence
neither

Question 22

A normal cell is converted to a cancerous cell by a

process called____

Answer 22

transformation

Question 23

If abnormal cells remain only at the original site, the

lump is called a ____

Answer 23

benign tumor

Question 24

Malignant tumors invade surrounding tissues and
undergo ____, exporting cancer cells to other
parts of the body, where they may form additional
tumors

Answer 24

metastasis