Cells

Question 1

What are the components of both plant and animal cells?

Answer 1

•Nucleus
•Cytoplasm
•Cell membrane
•Mitochondria

Question 2

What are the functions of the nucleus?

Answer 2

•Stores genetic information.
•Controls cellular activities.

Question 3

Describe the structure of the cytoplasm

Answer 3

•Fluid component of the cell.
•Contains organelles, enzymes and dissolved ions and nutrients.

Question 4

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 4

Site of celluar response e.g; first stage of respiration.

Question 5

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 5

Controls the entry and exit of materials into and out of the cell.

Question 6

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 6

Site of later stages of aerobic respiration in which ATP is produced.

Question 7

Which organelles are found in plant cells only?

Answer 7

•cell wall
•large, permanent vacuole
•chloroplasts

Question 8

What is the cell wall made out of?

Answer 8

Cellulose

Question 9

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 9

• provides strength

• prevents the cell bursting when water enters by osmosis.

Question 10

What does the permanent vacuole contain?

Answer 10

Cell sap (a solution of salts, sugars, and organic acids).

Question 11

What is the function of the permanent vacuole?

Answer 11

Supports the cell, maintaining its turgidity.

Question 12

What is the functions of the chloroplasts?

Answer 12

Site of photosynthesis

Question 13

What piece of equipment is used to observe plant and animal cells?

Answer 13

Light microscope

Question 14

How does a light microscope work?

Answer 14

Passes a beam of light through a specimen which travels through the eyepiece lens, allowing the specimen to be observed.

Question 15

Describe the pathway of light through a light microscope

Answer 15

Lamp —> condenser —> specimen —> objective lens —> eyepiece lens—> eye

Question 16

What is the function of the eyepiece lens?

Answer 16

•magnifies the image
•fixed magnification, usually x10

Question 17

What is the function of the objective lens?

Answer 17

•magnifies the image
•interchangeable magnifications: x4, x10, x40.

Question 18

What is the function of the diaphragm?

Answer 18

Adjusts the amount of light that passes through the specimen and enters the objective lens

Question 19

What is the function of the condenser?

Answer 19

Focuses light into the objective lens

Question 20

How is a light microscope manually focused?

Answer 20

Using the course focus control and fine focus control

Question 21

What is the function of the course focus control?

Answer 21

Used to focus the image under the low-power objective lens

Question 22

What is the function of the fine focus control?

Answer 22

Used to finely adjust the focus of an image

Question 23

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 23

Process in which unspecialised cells (stem cells) become specialised to have a specific function.

Question 24

Why is cell differentiation important?

Answer 24

Enables the formation of specialised cells with specific functions e.g. sperm cells, red blood cells

Question 25

What is a tissue?

Answer 25

A group of similar cells which work together to perform a specific function; e.g. muscle tissue, xylem tissue.

Question 26

What is an organ?

Answer 26

A group of tissues which work together to perform a specific function e.g. brain,heart, kidney

Question 27

What is an organ system?

Answer 27

A group of organs that work together to perform a particular function e.g. nervous system, digestive system.

Question 28

What is an organism?

Answer 28

A living thing that is an able to function independently e.g. human, sunflower