Cells Flashcards
What are the three main parts of a cell?
Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
Contains the cell contents and separates them from the surrounding environment
What makes up the plasma membrane?
Two layers of phospholipids arranged hydrophobic tail to hydrophobic tail
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
Provides structural support for the cell membrane
What is the role of mitochondria in a cell?
Production of ATP
What do ribosomes do?
Produce protein from RNA
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Cell transport for lipids and proteins
What does the term ‘homeostasis’ refer to?
The maintenance of stable internal conditions in a cell
What is the function of lysosomes?
Digestion of old organelles or foreign matter
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the control center of the cell.
Nucleus
What is the process of osmosis?
Movement of a solute molecule from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration
True or False: Active transport requires energy.
True
What is exocytosis?
Movement of substances out of the cell
What is endocytosis?
Movement of substances into the cell
What are microvilli?
Tiny finger-like extensions on the plasma membrane that increase surface area
What is the role of the nucleolus?
Site within the nucleus that forms ribosome subunits
What happens to chromatin during cell division?
Chromatin coils and condenses to form chromosomes
What are the four phases of mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
What is cytokinesis?
Division of the cytoplasm during cell division
Fill in the blank: The _______ pump is an example of active transport.
Na+/K+
What is the primary purpose of meiosis?
Creating egg and sperm cells
What occurs during transcription?
Transfer of information from DNA’s base sequence into the complementary base sequence of mRNA
What is the function of tRNA in translation?
Ferries amino acids to the ribosome
What is the semi-transparent fluid that suspends organelles within the cytoplasm?
Cytosol
What is the function of peroxisomes?
Storage vessel with enzymes for the breakdown of amino acids and fatty acids
What is facilitated diffusion?
Transport of substances via a specific channel without ATP
What do centrioles do during cell division?
Allow attachment and separation of duplicate chromosomes
What is the function of cilia?
Move liquid past the cell surface
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the liquid component of the cell that houses the organelles.
Cytoplasm
What are desmosomes?
Cell to cell adhesion points
What is the main role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Contains ribosomes for protein production
What is the difference between pinocytosis and phagocytosis?
Pinocytosis is ‘cell drinking’ (ingestion of fluids) and phagocytosis is ‘cell eating’ (ingestion of large particles)
What is the role of the nuclear envelope?
Double membrane barrier that encloses the nucleoplasm
