Cells

Question 1

Cell (Plasma) Membrane (aka Phospholipid Bilayer)

Answer 1

separates interior of cell from outside environment, moderates what goes in and out of cell

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell

Question 3

Golgi Apparatus (UPS)

Answer 3

organelle that acts as the packaging center of the cell and transports materials

Question 4

Mitochondria

Answer 4

generate most of the energy; powerhouse (site of respiration)

Question 5

Chloroplast (Plants Only)

Answer 5

produce energy through photosynthesis and oxygen-release processes

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

contains the chromosomes (genes), the cell’s control center

Question 7

Ribosome

Answer 7

the site of protein synthesis (attach to ER)

Question 8

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 8

a transportation system within cell, carry ribosomes making proteins (ribosomes make an ER rough, smooth ER has lipids)

Question 9

Lysosomes (Animals Only)

Answer 9

organelle that contains digestive enzymes, break down waste of cell

Question 10

Cell Wall (Plants & Bacteria Only)

Answer 10

found outside of membrane and protects cell

Question 11

Vacuole

Answer 11

helps in the storage and disposal of materials within cell (plants have large vacuole, animals have a small or no vacuole)

Question 12

Nuclear Membrane

Answer 12

a double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus

Question 13

Nucleolus

Answer 13

area inside nucleus made up of RNA and proteins and is where ribosomes are made

Question 14

Centrioles

Answer 14

organizes things (microtubules) that serve as the cell’s skeletal system

Question 15

Cilia & Flagella

Answer 15

used to move an entire cell (hair-like)

Question 16

Prokaryotes

Answer 16

organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and other organelles, have circular DNA, and are only single-celled (bacteria and archaea)

Question 17

Eukaryotes

Answer 17

have a nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and can be multicellular

Question 18

Robert Hooke

Answer 18

while looking at cork, he discovered cells

Question 19

3 Parts of Cell Theory

Answer 19

All living things are made of cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
Cells come from other, pre-existing cells.

Question 20

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 20

made a simple microscope to see unicellular organisms in pond water

Question 21

Robert Brown

Answer 21

discovered nucleus

Question 22

Matthias Schleiden

Answer 22

hypothesized that plants are made of cells

Question 23

Theodor Schwann

Answer 23

hypothesized that animals are made of cells

Question 24

Rudolf Virchow

Answer 24

determined the function of the nucleus and that all cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 25

Photosynthesis

Answer 25

process where plants convert energy from sunlight into energy that can be stored for later use

Question 26

Cellular Respiration

Answer 26

chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce ATP (happens in mitochondria)

Question 27

Endergonic

Answer 27

absorption of energy (e.g. photosynthesis)

Question 28

Exergonic

Answer 28

release energy (e.g. respiration)

Question 29

Anaerobic

Answer 29

without oxygen

Question 30

Aerobic

Answer 30

with oxygen

Question 31

Hydrolysis/Digestion

Answer 31

adding water to break a bond (e.g. polysaccharide to monosaccharide; starch to glucose)

Question 32

Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 32

removing water to create a bond

Question 33

Active Transport

Answer 33

movement across membrane that requires energy (LOW TO HIGH)

Question 34

Passive Transport

Answer 34

movement across membrane that requires no energy (HIGH TO LOW)

Question 35

Diffusion

Answer 35

movement of molecules across membrane from high to low concentration

Question 36

Osmosis

Answer 36

water molecules moving through a membrane

Question 37

Photosynthesis Equation

Answer 37

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 (energy above arrow)

Question 38

Respiration Equation

Answer 38

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (38 ATP molecules)