Cells

Question 1

What are Eukaryotic Cells?

Answer 1

Eukaryotic cells make up multi-cellular organisms such as plants and animals.
They are complex cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Question 2

What are Prokaryotic Cells?

Answer 2

Prokaryotic cells are single-celled organisms.
They are simple structures and do not have a nucleus or any membrane-bound organelles.
Bacteria is a prokaryotic cell.

Question 3

Function of the Nucleus

Answer 3

The organelle that contains the cell’s DNA and is the control centre of the cell

Question 4

Function of the Ribosome

Answer 4

The organelle in which amino acids are hooked together to make proteins

Question 5

Function of the Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 5

The organelle that makes lipids, breaks down drugs and other substances, and packages proteins for Golgi complex

Question 6

Function of Mitochondrion

Answer 6

The organelle that breaks down food molecules to make ATP

Question 7

Function of Golgi complex

Answer 7

The organelle that processes and transports proteins and other materials out of the cell

Question 8

Function of Large central vacuole

Answer 8

The organelle that stores water and other materials

Question 9

Function of Lysosome

Answer 9

The organelle that digests food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders

Question 10

Structure and Function of Cell wall

Answer 10

Structure: Made of cellulose forming a sieve-like network
Function: Protects and supports each cell and the whole plant

Question 11

Structure and Function of Chloroplast

Answer 11

Structure: Has a double membrane and is filled with a fluid called stroma. The inner membrane is a continuous network of flattened sacs called thylakoids. A stack of thylakoids is called geranium. Grana is plural, and these contain chlorophyll pigment
Function: Site of photosynthesis. Light energy is trapped by the chlorophyll and used to produce carbohydrate molecules from water and carbon dioxide

Question 12

Structure and Function of Vacuole

Answer 12

Structure: Membrane-bound sac in the cytoplasm that contains cell sap
Function: Maintain turgor to ensure rigid framework in the cell

Question 13

Structure and Function of Tonoplast

Answer 13

Structure: The partially permeable membrane of the vacuole
Function: Selectively permeable to allow small molecules to pass through

Question 14

Structure and Function of Amyloplast

Answer 14

Structure: A double membrane-bound sac containing starch granules
Function: Responsible for the synthesis and storage of starch granules

Question 15

Structure and Function of Plasmodesmata

Answer 15

Structure: Microscopic channels which cross the cell walls of plant cells
Function: Enable transport and communication between individual plant cells

Question 16

Structure and Function of Pits

Answer 16

Structure: Pores in the cell walls of the xylem
Function: Allow water to enter and leave xylem vessels

Question 17

Structure and Function of Plasmodesma

Answer 17

Structure: Microscopic channels which cross the cell walls of plant cells
Function: Enable transport and communication between individual plant cells