Bacteria Cells

Question 1

Structure and Function of Cell Wall

Answer 1

Structure: Prokaryotic cells are surrounded by a cell wall made up of peptidoglycan
Function: Protects and supports each cell

Question 2

Structure and Function of Capsule

Answer 2

Structure: Slippery layer outside the cell wall of some species of bacteria
Function: Protects the cell and prevents dessication

Question 3

Structure and Function of Ribosomes

Answer 3

Structure: Consist of two subunits and they are not surrounded by a membrane
Function: Protein synthesis occurs at the ribosome

Question 4

Structure and Function of Nucleoid

Answer 4

Structure: An irregularly-shaped region that holds nuclear material without a nuclear membrane and where genetic material is localised. The DNA forms one circular chromosome
Function: The nucleoid is the region where generic information can be found and controls cellular activity

Question 5

Structure and Function of Plasmid

Answer 5

Structure: Small circular loops of DNA
Function: Plasmids carry genes that may benefit the survival of the organism

Question 6

How do prokaryotic cells secret toxins

Answer 6

 DNA is free in the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell in the area called the nucleoid.
 A section of DNA containing a genetic code for a metabolve unwinds, and
hydrogen bonds break.
 RNA nucleotides line up (complementary base pairing). Messenger RNA is
formed. This process is known as transcription.
 The next process is the production of the bacterial protein. This is called
translation, and it occurs at the ribosomes.
 Transcription and translation can occur simultaneously because the genetic
material is free in the nucleoid surrounded by ribosomes.
 The newly made protein toxin is moved to the surface membrane, ready to
be secreted to cause infection