Cells Flashcards
What cell structures are not considered organelles?
Cell wall, Cytoskeleton, and Cytoplasm
Is the plasma membrane an organelle?
The plasma membrane is considered an organelle by IB.
What is Cell Fractionation?
A process to separate cell organelles
State and explain the two parts of Cell Fractionation
- Homogenization - tissue broken up in a blender in a cold, isotonic, buffered solution.
- Ultracentrifugation - separating organelles due to density (filtered solution is spun at low speed, densest organelles like Nuclei form a pellet at the bottom of centrifuge tube, process is repeated.
Organelles are able to store and use concentrations of _______ and _______ which are not compatible with metabolism occurring in the cytoplasm.
Metabolites, Enzymes
What is the main function of Lysosomes?
To digest macromolecules in the cell.
What are Lysosomes?
Membrane bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes.
How do Lysosomes digest?
Enzymes from Lysosomes are released when a cell is damaged.
What is Phagocytosis?
The process by which solid materials (bacteria) are taken into a cell by Endocytosis, forming a Phagocytic vacuole.
What is a Phagosome?
A Lysosome that fuses with the Phagocytic vacuole.
What is the function of the Mitochondria?
To produce ATP for Aerobic cell respiration.
What are the parts of the Mitochondria and their functions?
Outer membrane - the channels for Pyruvate to enter the Mitochondria
Intermembrane space - small space allowing the rapid accumulation of protons
Inner Membrane - contains the proteins of electron transport chain and ATP synapses.
Cristae - Inner membrane folding resulting in increased surface area
Matrix - contains DNA, ribosomes, and all of the enzymes involved in the link reaction of the Krebs cycle
