Cells

Question 1

Definition of prokaryotic cells

Answer 1

• Simple and small
• Bacteria and fungi are examples

Question 2

Definition of eukaryotic cells

Answer 2

• Complex
• animal and plant cells are examples

Question 3

What are Eukaryotes

Answer 3

Organisms which are made up from solely eukaryotic cells

Question 4

What are prokaryotes

Answer 4

An organism which is made up of a (singular) prokaryotic cell (single cell organisms are examples of prokaryotes)

Question 5

What is the role of the nucleus ?

Answer 5

• Contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell
• Powerhouse of the cell

Question 6

What is the role of the mitochondria ?

Answer 6

• Site of most aerobic respiration reactions in the cell

Question 7

What is the role of the cytoplasm ?

Answer 7

• Gel like substance where most of the CHEMICAL reactions take place.
• Contains enzymes that control said chemical reactions

Question 8

What is the role of the cell membrane ?

Answer 8

• Holds the cell together
• Controls what entered and exits the cell

Question 9

What extra parts does a plant cell have which an animal cell doesn’t have ?

Answer 9

• A rigid cell wall
• Permanent vacuole
• Chloroplast

Question 10

What is the role of the cell wall ?

Answer 10

• The cell wall is made of cellulose
• the cell wall supports the cell and strengthens it

Question 11

What is the role of the vacuole ?

Answer 11

• Contains plant cell sap which is a weak solution of sugar and salts

Question 12

What is the role of chloroplast ?

Answer 12

• Site of photosynthesis
• Makes food for the plant
• Contains chlorophyll which is a green substance
• Chlorophyll absorbs the sunlight for photosynthesis

Question 13

What type of cell is bacteria ?

Answer 13

• Prokaryotes
• Single cell organism

Question 14

What do bacteria cell have instead of a permanent nucleus?

Answer 14

• Single DNA strand

Question 15

What are the small rings of DNA called in which bacteria cells might carry ?

Answer 15

• Plasmids

Question 16

What 2 things do bacteria cells not carry ?

Answer 16

• Chloroplasts
• Mitochondria

Question 17

What controls the opening and closing of the stomata ?

Answer 17

• Guard cells
• When they open they turn turgid. When they close they turn flaccid.

Question 18

What is transpiration ?

Answer 18

• Water movement through a plant and its evaporation through leaves stems or flowers.

Question 19

Why does an increase of temperature a use an increased rate of transpiration ?

Answer 19

• Because water molecules have more energy to evaporate and diffuse out the stomata

Question 20

Why is the rate of transpiration low after the sun has set ?

Answer 20

• Because photosynthesis can’t take place.
• So the stomata don’t have to open to let carbon dioxide inside the leaf.
• This means the stomata begin to close as night falls.