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Biological Molecules > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the function of plasma membrane ?

A

Regulates the movements of substances into and out the cell. Also has receptor molecules which allows it to respond to chemicals like hormones.

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2
Q

What is the description of Plasma membrane?

A

It is the membrane found on the surface of animal cells and just inside the cell wall of plant cells and prokaryotic cells. It is made mainly of lipids and proteins

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3
Q

What is the description of a cell wall?

A

It is a rigid structure that surrounds plant cells. It is made mainly of the carbohydrate cellulose

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4
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

Supports plant cells

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5
Q

What is the description of lysosome?

A

It is a round organelle surrounded by a membrane, with no clear internal structure

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6
Q

What is the function of lysosome?

A

Contains digestive enzymes. These are kept separate from the cytoplasm by the surrounding membrane and can be used to digest invading cells or to break down worn out components of the cell

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7
Q

Explain the role of the membrane in the rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Separating proteins synthesised from cell cytoplasm, holds ribosomes/ enzymes in place, maintain onditions from cell cytoplasm

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8
Q

What is the description of ribosomes

A

A very small organelle that either floats free in the cytoplasm or is attached to the rough endoplasmic meticulum. It is made up of proteins and RNA. It is not surrounded by a membrane

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9
Q

What is the function of ribosomes

A

The site where proteins are made

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10
Q

What is the description of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

It is a system of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space. The surface is covered with ribosome

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11
Q

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Folds and processes proteins that have been made at the ribosomes.

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12
Q

What is the description of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

A system of membrane enclosing a fluid- filled space

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13
Q

What is the description of a vesicle?

A

A small fluid filled sac in the cytoplasm, surrounded by a membrane.

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14
Q

What is the the function of a smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Synthesises and processes lipids

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15
Q

What is the function of the vesicle

A

Transport substances in and out of the cell via the plasma membrane and between organelles.

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16
Q

What is the description of the Golgi apparatus

A

A group of fluid filled membrane bound, flattened sacs. Vesicles are often seen at the edges of the sacs

17
Q

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

A

It processes and packages new lipids and proteins. It also makes lysosome

18
Q

What is the description of the mitochondrion

A

They are oval shaped. They have a double membrane where the inner one is folded to from structures called cristae . Inside is the matrix which contains enzymes involved in respiration.

19
Q

What is the function of mitochondrion

A

The site of aerobic respiration. Where ATP is produced.

20
Q

What is the description of chloroplast?

A

A small flattened structure found in plant cell. It’s surrounded by a double membrane and also has a membrane inside called thylakoid membranes.

21
Q

What is the function of chloroplast

A

The site where photosynthesis takes place. Some parts of photosynthesis happens in the grand and other parts happen in the stroma

22
Q

What is the description of a cilia

A

It is small, has hair like structures found on the surface membrane of some animal cells. In cross section they have an outer membrane and a ring of nine pairs of protein microtubules with two microtubules in the middles

23
Q

What is the function of a centriole

A

Involves with the separation of chromosomes during cell division.

24
Q

What is the description of a centriole

A

Small, hollow cylinders made of microtubules. Found in animal cells, but only some plant cells

25
Q

What is the function of cilia?

A

The microtubules allow the cilia to move. This movement is used by the cell to move substances along the cell surface.

Biological Molecules (3 decks)

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