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Biology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A

A cell with a distinct nucleus and membrane bound organelles

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2
Q

What is a eukaryote?

A

A whole organism made of eukaryotic cells.

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3
Q

What is the function of a nucleus?

A

Managing the cell’s genetic material.

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4
Q

What is the function of the mitochondrion?

A

Produce energy through cellular respiration.

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5
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Protein-synthesis.

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6
Q

What is the structure of a nucleus?

A

Nuclear envelope, double membrane, helps control what goes in/out of the nucleus.
Nucleoplasm
Nucleolus, where ribosomes are made
Chromosomes, coils round proteins called histone proteins which are together called chromatin.
Nuclear pores, allow things like RNA to leave the nucleus

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7
Q

What is the structure of the mitochondrion?

A

Matrix, enzymes and proteins needed for respiration
Double membrane, controls what goes into and out of the mitochondria
Cristae, fold around and create the matrix, increases more surface area for enzymes involved in ATP.

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8
Q

What is the function of the chloroplasts?

A

Synthesise food by the process of photosynthesis

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9
Q

What is the structure of the chloroplasts?

A

Surrounded by a double membrane which contains thylakoids, folded membrane embedded with pigments
Fluid filled stroma contains enzymes for photosynthesis
Found in plants
Grana, where the first stage of photosynthesis takes place
Lamelle, connects the grana together

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10
Q

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

A

Helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules
Forms glycoproteins and lysosomes

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11
Q

What is the structure of the Golgi apparatus?

A

Fluid filled membrane sacs
Small rounded hollow vesicles

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12
Q

What is the function of the lysosomes?

A

Digests invading cells and breaks down worn out parts of cells

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13
Q

What is they structure of the lysosomes?

A

Contains hydrolytic enzymes
Enzymes surrounded by membrane

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14
Q

What is the structure of ribosomes?

A

Loose in cytoplasm or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum
Made of protein and RNA
80s ribosomes, slightly bigger than prokaryotic
Very small

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15
Q

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Folds and packages proteins and sends them to Golgi apparatus
Provides a pathway for the transport of proteins throughout the cell

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16
Q

What is the structure of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Has ribosomes on the outer surface of membranes
Sheet like membranes

17
Q

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

To synthesise, store and transport lipids and carbohydrates
Packages molecules and sends them to the Golgi apparatus

18
Q

What is the structure of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Does not have ribosomes

19
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

Supports the cell, provides strength and prevents lysis/ change of shape

20
Q

What is the structure of the cell wall?

A

Made out of cellulose in plant and algal cells
Made out of chitin in fungi
Consists of a number of polysaccharides

21
Q

What is the function of the cell vacuole?

A

Store nutrients and water on which a call can rely for its survival
Isolates unwanted chemicals inside the vell
Maintains pressure inside the cell

22
Q

What is the structure of the cell vacuole?

A

Contains cell sap, weak solution of sugar and salts
Surrounding membrane called tonoplast

23
Q

What is the structure of the bacterial cell?

A

Cell membrane
Circular DNA
Cell wall- made out of murein, strengthen and support, prevent osmotic lysis
Plasmids- genes for antibiotic resistance
Cytoplasm
Capsule- mucilaginous slime layer
Flagellum
Ribosomes
Some chlorophyll associated with cell membrane

24
Q

What is the function of a virus?

A

Attachment proteins, identify and bind to suitable host cells.
Capsule, protein
Genetic material (RNA) , nucleic acid
Lipid envelope, some but not all
Acellular
Non-living, can’t reproduce by themselves, need a host cell
20-300nm, smaller than prokaryotic cells

Biology (7 decks)

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