Cells Flashcards
What are the organelles in an animal cell?
Cell membrane
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosome
Ribosome
Nucleus
Golgi apparatus
Golgi vesicle
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
What are the organelles in a plant cell?
Cell surface membrane
Chloroplast
Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
Golgi vesicle
Vacuole
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Ribosome
Cell wall
What is the description and function of the lysosome ?
D:-bags of digestive enzymes
It’s a type of Golgi vesicle.
F:-Contains digestive enzymes called lysozymes which can be used to hydrolyse pathogens and old cell organelles
What is the description and function of the ribosome?
D:- A very small organelle that floats free in the cytoplasm or is attached to the RER. It is made up of proteins and RNA. It’s not surrounded by a membrane.
F:-The site where proteins are made
What is the description and function of the cell wall?
Strong, structured wall that supports the cell and prevents it from changing shape
Plants/Algae>made from cellulose
Fungi >made from chitin
What are the components of the ultrastructure of the nucleus?
nuclear envelope
nuclear pores
nucleoplasm
nucleolus
chromatin
what are the functions of the components of the ultrastructure of the nucleus
nuclear envelope-double membrane that controls entry and exit of materials. continuous with RER
nuclear pores- allow mRNA/ribosomes to exit the nucleus
nucleoplasm-jelly like material;makes up bulk of nucleus
nucleolus- contains rRNA and makes ribosomes
chromatin-uncondensed complex of dna/proteins
what are the components of the ultrastructure of the mitochondria
Cristae(inner membrane)
Matrix(fluid centre)
outer membrane
What are the functions of the components of the ultrastructure of the mitochondria
Mitochondria are the sites of ATP production via aerobic respiration
DNA codes for enzymes needed in respiration
What are the components of the ultrastructure of chloroplasts
chloroplast envelope
thylakoids
grana
stroma
lamellae
starch grain
double membrane
what are the functions of the components of the ultrastructure of the chloroplasts
chloroplasts are the organelles that carry out photosynthesis
chloroplast envelope:a partially permeable double membrane
thylakoids:flattened sacs that contain the pigment chlorophyll
grana:stacks of thylakoids- where 1st stage of photosynthesis takes place
stroma:fluid filled matrix where 2nd stage take place
How are chloroplasts adapted to carry out their function
Granal membranes provide a large surface area for photosynthesis
the stroma contain enzymes for sugar synthesis
chloroplasts contain DNA and ribosomes so can quickly manufacture proteins required for photosynthesis
What are the components of the ultrastructure of the RER?
cisternae (folded membranes)
studded with ribosomes
What is the function of the components of the ultrastructure of the RER?
usually attached to the nucleus
folds and processes proteins that have been made at the ribosomes
What is the golgi apparatus?
stack of flattened membranes that form sacs
accepts and produces vesicles
sorts and labels proteins and lipids so they are sent to the correct destination
make lysosomes
What are the functions of the golgi apparatus
transport and modify stored lipids
forms lysosomes
produces secretory enzymes
secretes carbs for cell walls
processes and packages new proteins and lipids
What are the functions of the golgi apparatus
Adds carbohydrates to proteins to make glycoproteins
transport and modify stored lipids
forms lysosomes
produces secretory enzymes
secretes carbs for cell walls
What is the SER?
cisternae(folded membranes)
not studded with ribosomes
What are the functions of the SER?
synthesises and stores carbohydrates and lipids
What is the function of the vacuole
makes plant cells turgid; adding to support
sugars and amino acids act as temporary food store
pigment used to colour petals to attract pollinating insects
not attached to the nucleus
How big are 80S ribosomes and where are they found
25nm
eukaryotes
how big are 70s ribosomes and where are they found
20nm
prokaryotes, mitochondria, chloroplasts
What is the function of the golgi vesicle?
stores lipids and proteins made by the golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell
What is the only organelle that doesn’t have a membrane
ribosomes