Biological Molecules Flashcards
What are the 5 main biological molecules that living organisms are made up of
carbohydrates
lipids
protein
DNA/RNA
water
What are the 2 types of carbohydrates
simple carbohydrates
complex carbohydrates
What are the 2 types of carbohydrates
simple carbohydrates
complex carbohydrates
What are monomers
individual units that makes a polymer
what are polymers
many repeating units of monomers
What are carbohydrate monomers called?
monosaccharides
what is a dissacharide
two monosaccharides
what is a polysaccharide
multiple monosaccharides
What is a condensation reaction
a reaction that makes up bonds
a glycosidic bond forms between the two monosaccharides as a molecule of water is released
what is a hydrolysis reaction
a reaction that breaks down bonds(water is taken in)
Name 4 types of monosaccharides
alpha glucose
beta glucose
galactose
fructose
which monosaccharides are examples of reducing sugars
all of them
Name 3 disaccharides
maltose(alpha glucose and alpha glucose)
lactose(alpha glucose and galactose)
sucrose(alpha glucose and fructose)
Which disaccharides are examples of reducing sugars?
maltose and lactose
Name 3 polysaccharides
starch(multiple alpha glucose)
glycogen(multiple alpha glucose)
cellulose(multiple beta glucose)
What does the alpha glucose structure look like
what does the beta glucose structure look like
what does the galactose structure look like
How does a condensation reaction change the structure of a monosaccharide
What things do you need to know about starch
-energy store found in plant cells in the form of grains
-a polysaccharide of alpha glucose joined via condensation reactions to form glycosidic bonds
-includes alpha 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds
describe the structure of starch
-large
-insoluble
-alpha helix shape
-branched
explain how the structure of starch aids it’s function
large-won’t diffuse out of cells
insoluble-osmotically inactive
alpha helix shape-compact energy store
branched-rapidly release alpha glucose when needed
what things do you need to know about glycogen
-it’s a polysaccharide of many alpha glucose joined via condensation reaction to form glycosidic bonds
-it’s an energy store in the form of granules in cytoplasm
-has alpha 1,4 glycosidic bonds and many more alpha 1,6 glycosidic bonds compared to starch
describe the structure of glycogen
-large
-insoluble
-alpha helix shape
-branched