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Y1 Science > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a nucleus

A

Largest organelle in animal cell (usually spherical)
Contains genetic material or DNA
Present in all cells except mature xylem and red blood cell

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2
Q

Function of nucleus

A

Control all cell activities in the cell

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3
Q

What is a mitochondrion

A

Found in all plant and animal cells
Occurs in very large amounts. Especially abundant in more metabolically active cells like muscle and liver cells

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4
Q

Function of mitochondrion

A

Carries out cellular respiration to release energy for the cell

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5
Q

What is a chloroplast

A

Contains chlorophyll
Present in leaf cells and other green parts of plants and algae

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6
Q

Function of chloroplast

A

Site of photosynthesis

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7
Q

What is a cell wall

A

consists of cellulose fibres and is fully permeable

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8
Q

Function of cell wall

A

Provide mechanical support for the plant cell

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9
Q

What is the cell membrane

A

Partially permeable

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10
Q

Function of cell membrane

A

Separates and protects the cell from its surroundings
Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

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11
Q

What is the cytoplasm

A

Jelly-like medium

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12
Q

Function of cytoplasm

A

Site of all cellular activities and chemical reactions

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13
Q

What is the ribosome

A

Structure found as free ribosomes or attracted to structures in the cytoplasm

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14
Q

What is the large central vacuole

A

Fluid-filled sac surrounded by a single partially permeable membrane
Largest organelle in the mature plant cells as it occupies 80% of mature plant cells

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14
Q

Function of ribosome

A

Involved in the synthesis of protein

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15
Q

Function of large central vacuole

A

Contains cell sap which is a solution of sugars and dissolved minerals

16
Q

What is the vacuole

A

Fluid-filled sac surrounded by a single membrane
Small and numerous in animal cells compared to plant cells

17
Q

Function of vacuole

A

Stores food and water substances

18
Q

What is division of labour at a unicellular level

A

Different parts of the cell perform different functions in a coordinated way for the cell to function efficiently

19
Q

Division of labour at multicellular level

A

Sharing of different functions in an organism among its cells, tissues, organs and organ systems. Ensures smooth running and effective working of different parts of an organism as a whole

20
Q

Division of labour beyond cellular level

A

Function effectively despite its larger and more complex organisation. Different cells, tissues, organs and organ systems have specialised features to carry out different functions

21
Q

What is an organelle

A

Structure within a cell that performs a specific function

22
Q

What is a cell

A

Basic structural and functional unit of life

23
Q

What is a tissue

A

Group of cells with similar structures that perform a similar function

23
Q

What is an organism

A

All the organ systems working together to support the life of an organism

24
Q

What is an organ

A

Different tissues which work together to perform a specific function

24
Q

What is an organ system

A

Several organs working as an organ system to perform body functions

25
Q

Parts of a generalized bacterium cell
Plural: Bacteria

A

Ribosomes
Nucleoid region (Where genetic material is)
Genetic material
Cytoplasm
Flagellum (Some cells for movement)
Cell membrane
Cell wall (mixture of protein and sugar)
Capsule (may be slime capsule)

25
Q

What does a bacterium cell lack

A

nucleus and other membrane bound organelles

26
Q

How do bacteria reproduce

A

Asexually
Binary fission:
Cell elongates as DNA is replicated
Cell wall and plasma membrane begin to divide
Cross wall completely forms around divided DNA
Cell divides`

27
Q

What are viruses

A

Smallest particles known, non-living
Replicate in cells of living organism
Cannot carry out living processes on their own
Contains a strand of genetic material (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat, capsid, for protection
No cytoplasm, nucleus, organelles or its own membrane. May have an outer membrane that is derived from the membrane from the host cell. May be helical, polyhedral or complex in shape. may vary

27
Q
A
27
Q

What is used to treat bacteria

A

Antibiotics which either kill the bacteria or prevent it from reproducing properly

28
Q

How does a virus infect a cell

A

Forces the host cell to use its own resources (nutrients, oxygen and food) to reproduce many copies of the virus. When the host cell dies, it bursts to release other copies of the bacteria, which will go on to infect other healthy cells. Virus cannot be destroyed by antibiotics

29
Q
A

Y1 Science (10 decks)

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