Atomic Structure

Question 1

What is an element made up of

Answer 1

Very small and heavy nucleus contains protons and neutrons (nucleons) and carries most of the mass

Question 2

Proton mass

Answer 2

1

Question 3

Electron mass

Answer 3

1/1840

Question 4

Neutron mass

Answer 4

1

Question 5

Charge of proton

Answer 5

+1

Question 6

Charge of neutron

Answer 6

0

Question 7

Charge of electron

Answer 7

-1

Question 8

Atomic Number

Answer 8

Proton number

Question 9

Mass Number

Answer 9

Proton number + nucleon number

Question 10

Atoms only:

Answer 10

Number of proton == number of electron

Question 11

What is an electrically neutral atom

Answer 11

number of protons == number of neutrons

Question 12

When is an ion formed

Answer 12

number of protons != number of electrons

Question 13

Number of neutrons

Answer 13

mass number - number of protons

Question 14

What is a valence shell

Answer 14

Outermost shell of the atom, occupied by electrons

Question 14

full atom symbol

Answer 14

chemical symbol of element
top left: mass number/nucleon number
bottom left: proton number/atomic number

Question 14

How to draw electronic structure

Answer 14

1. Start with nucleus and chemical symbol
2. Based on number of electrons, draw the electrons on the shells
   Up to 20: 2, 8, 8, 2

Question 15

What are valence electrons

Answer 15

electrons residing in the outermost shell of the atom

Question 16

What does group number show (Groups 1,2)
(For Groups 13 - 18, -10)

Answer 16

number of valence electrons

Question 17

What does period number show(Groups 1,2)
(For Groups 13 - 18, -10)

Answer 17

number of occupied electrons shell

Question 18

Why do elements in the same period have the similar chemical properties

Answer 18

elements in the same period have the similar chemical properties as they have the same number of valence electrons

Question 19

What are isotopes

Answer 19

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
Isotopes have same proton number/atomic number but different mass number/nucleon number
Not all elements have isotopes and not all isotopes are present in equal proportion
Sum of relative abundance of all isotopes for one element is 100%

Question 20

Why do isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties

Answer 20

isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties as they have the same number of electrons
however they have different physical properties

Question 21

What is relative atomic mass

Answer 21

average mass of an atom, taking into account different natural occurring isotopes and their relative abundance