Cells Flashcards
1
Q
List the organelles found in all eukaryotic cells
A
- Cell surface (plasma) membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi apparatus + vesicle
- Nucleus (nucleolus + nuclear envelope)
- Ribosomes
- Mitochondrion
2
Q
List organelles found in animal cells only
A
- Lysosome
3
Q
List organelles found in plant and algal cells only
A
- Chloroplasts
- Vacuole
- Cell wall
- Plasmadesmata
4
Q
Describe the function of the cell wall
A
- Maintains cell rigidity
5
Q
What is the cell wall made of in:
- plants
- algae
- fungi
- prokaryotes
A
- Cellulose
- Cellulose
- Chitin
- Murein
6
Q
Describe the function of the cell membrane
A
- Regulates what can enter and exit the cell
7
Q
Describe the function of the cytoplasm
A
- Site of anaerobic respiration
- Where chemical reactions occur
8
Q
Describe the components and function of the nucleus
A
- Nuclear envelope, Nucleolus, Chromosomes
- Contains DNA (protein instructions)
- Controls cell activity as it controls transcription
- Pores in envelope control what enters and exits nucleus
- Nucleolus synthesises ribosomes and contains ribosomal DNA
9
Q
Describe the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus
A
- Flattened fluid-filled sacs
- Transport, modify, package and sort lipids and proteins
- Labels them so they got to their suited destination
10
Q
Describe the function of the Golgi vesicle
A
- Transports modified lipids and proteins to cell surface membrane
11
Q
Describe the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum
A
- Involved in the production of proteinsythesis
- Tubules called cisternae allow for transport of proteins
12
Q
Describe the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum
A
- Involved in the production of proteinsythesis
- Tubules called cisternae allow for transport of proteins
13
Q
Describe the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
A
- Involved in the synthesis of lipids
- Processes lipids
14
Q
Describe the function of the mitochondria
A
- Site of aerobic respiration
- Produces ATP
- Inner membrane folds to form cristae which increase cell surface area
- Contains matrix which enzymes used in photosynthesis are found
- Has its own ribosomes and DNA to quickly produce proteins
15
Q
Describe the structure and function of the chloroplast
A
- Site of photosynthesis
- Thykaloid membranes stack (up to 100) to form grana; grana can be joined by lamelle (flat thin thykaloid)
- Each grana has a chloroplast
- Stroma is weak solution of sugars and salts
- Stage 1 of photosynthesis occurs in grana (chloroplasts)
- Stage 2 of photosynthesis occurs in the stroma
