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radbio prelim > cells > Flashcards

cells Flashcards

1
Q

Basic Cellular Biology Structure

A

● Cell Membrane
● Cytoplasm
● Cytoplasmic Organelles
● Nucleus

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2
Q

structure encasing and surrounding the human cell
● made up of lipids and proteins
● functions as barricade to protect cellular
contents from the outside environment
● controls the passage of water and other
materials into and out of the cell

A

Cell Membrane

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3
Q

all cellular metabolic functions occur here

A

Cytoplasm

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4
Q

protoplasm that exists outside the cell’s nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

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4
Q

cytoplasm primarily composed of water but also contains

A

proteins, carbohydrates and lipids

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4
Q

makes up most of the cell

A

Cytoplasm

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5
Q

functions as the highway system of the cell

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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5
Q

enables the cell to communicate with the extracellular environment and transfer food and molecules from one part of the cell to another

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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6
Q

two types of ER

A

Rough Surfaced (granular) and Smooth (agranular)

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7
Q

numerous ribosomes are present

A

Rough Surfaced (granular)

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8
Q

ribosomes are
not present

A

Smooth (agranular)

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8
Q

vesicles that extend from the nucleus to the cell membrane

A

Golgi Apparatus, bodies or Complex

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9
Q

consist of tubes and a tiny sac located near the nucleus

A

Golgi Apparatus, bodies or Complex

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10
Q

When the cell manufactures enzymes and hormones, the Golgi apparatus:

A

Concentrates, Packages, Transports

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11
Q

large, double-membranous, oval or bean-shaped structures

A

Mitochondria

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12
Q

“powerhouses” of the cell because they supply the energy for cells

A

Mitochondria

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12
Q

contain highly organized enzymes that produce this energy for cellular activity by breaking down nutrients such as: carbohydrates, fats, proteins

A

Mitochondria

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13
Q

ontain the centrioles, play a significant role in the formation of the mitotic spindle; by organizing the spindle fibers during cell division.

A

Centrosomes

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14
Q

spherical bodies that are of great importance for within the cytoplasm

A

Lysosomes

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14
Q

contain a group of different digestive enzymes that target proteins

A

Lysosomes

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15
Q

primary function appears to be the breaking down of unwanted large molecules

A

Lysosomes

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16
Q

very small spherical organelles that attach to the ER

A

Ribosomes

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17
Q

consists of two thirds RNA and one third protein

A

Ribosomes

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17
Q

manufacture (synthesize) the various proteins that cells require by using the blueprints provided by mRNA

A

Ribosomes

18
Q

located in the center of the cell near the nucleus

A

Centrosomes

19
Q

forms the heart of the living cell

A

Nucleus

20
Q

separated from the other parts of the cell by double walled membrane (nuclear envelope

A

Nucleus

21
Q

spherical mass of protoplasm

A

nucleoplasm

22
Q

two nuclear components are arranged in long threads

A

chromatin

23
Q

tiny rod-shaped bodies

A

chromosome

24
Q

ne very small, rounded body

A

nucleolus

25
Q

hemical building material for all living things

A

protoplasm

26
Q

○ this substance carries on the:
○ Complex process of metabolism
○ Reception and processing of food
and oxygen
○ Elimination of waste products

A

protoplasm

27
Q

contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

A

Organic compounds

28
Q

do not contain
carbon

A

inorganic compounds

29
Q

3 Water’s Role Outside the Cell

A

● As a transportation system to and from cells
● As a medium to dissolve and regulate acids, bases, and salts
● As a means of maintaining a constant body temperature

29
Q

5 Functions of Water in the Body

A

● Acts as a solvent
● Acts as transport medium for
substances
● Serves to lubricate joints and the
digestive tract
● Regulates body temperature through
evaporation
● Cushion organs such as the brain and
lungs

30
Q

most abundant component of
protoplasm

A

Water

31
Q

Protein, how many percent

A

15% of the cell

32
Q

composed of the elements carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

A

Proteins

33
Q

● assisting in growth, constructing tissues, and repairing injured or worn-out tissues
● are located in fingernails, hair, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, and
muscle

A

Proteins

33
Q

building blocks of proteins

A

amino acids

34
Q

ex of proteins:

A

insulin, egg whites,
gelatin, and hemoglobin

35
Q

important group of proteins that are
found in all living cells

A

enzymes

36
Q

act as organic catalysts

A

enzymes

37
Q

provide cell energy, help to make cell parts, and control almost every
cell process

A

enzymes

38
Q

Lipids, how many percent

A

2%

39
Q

Carbohyrdrates, how many percent

A

1%

40
Q

Nucleic Acid, how many percent

A

1%

41
Q

storing energy, insulating our bodies from cold, assisting with the digestive process, and helping to lubricate the joints

A

Lipids

42
Q

composed of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen, and are the major source of cell energy

A

Carbohydrates

43
Q

subdivided into monosaccharides,
disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

A

Carbohydrates

44
Q

simple sugars. They cannot be broken down further

A

monosaccharides

45
Q

double sugars

A

disaccharides

46
Q

large macromolecules constructed of hundreds to thousands of simple
sugar molecules in a long chain

A

polysaccharides

47
Q

organic compounds that contain carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and phosphorus

A

NucleicAcids

48
Q

largest known organic molecules

A

NucleicAcids

49
Q

smaller subunits

A

nucleotides

50
Q

two groups of nitrogenous bases

A

purines and pyrimidines.

radbio prelim (3 decks)

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