Cells

Question 1

Cells

Answer 1

• smallest unit that can live on its own
• makes up all living organism
• made of preexisting cells (containing DNA)

Question 2

Organelle

Answer 2

a structure in eukaryotic cell surrounded by a membrane that performs a specific function

Question 3

Prokaryotes

Answer 3

single celled organism, doesn’t have nucleus

Question 4

Eukaryotes

Answer 4

organism consisting of a cell or cells, genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus.

Question 5

What are the major characteristics that differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 5

eukaryotic cells have a nucleus; prokaryotic don’t and have free-floating genetic material

Question 6

Why do we not find single cells that are the size of a house (think loading docks…)?
(why cells small)

Answer 6

surface area : area (5:1, 1:1 small cell)
- as cells gets larger, volume increases faster than surface area

Question 7

Mitochondria

Answer 7

produces chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions converts food to ATP through cellular respiration

Question 8

Nucleus

Answer 8

synthesize and stores DNA (used to make protein)

Question 9

Nucleolus

Answer 9

the region of DNA coding for ribosomal RNA (synthesize)

Question 10

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 10

helps in processing protein in eukaryotic cells.
like quality control destroying non-functional proteins

Question 11

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 11

produces lipids, specialized cells need specific lipids; breaks down potentially toxic molecules to non-toxic products

Question 12

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 12

further processes proteins to add chemical “tags” that will determine the proteins final destination

Question 13

Cytosol

Answer 13

fluid around the cell, helps move material around the cell

Question 14

Ribosomes

Answer 14

site of protein synthesis freestanding or bound to another organelle (do not have membranes)

Question 15

Cytoskeleton

Answer 15

skeleton of cell made of protein filaments which help give structure and mechanical support

Question 16

Lysosome

Answer 16

sacs of enzymes (break down material into constituent (recycle) or waste material (expelled from cell))

Question 17

What is the endomembrane system? What are the organelles that make up this system?

Answer 17

the transport system that carries proteins from one organelle to another or to plasma membrane
- transport vesicles, RER, SER, Golgi Apparatus, lysosomes

Question 18

Describe the major structural differences between plant and animal cells. Which structures are unique to plant cells? Which are unique to animal cells?

Answer 18

• plants have cell wall and chloroplasts;
• animals have lysosomes

Question 19

Describe the different types of cytoskeletal components and be able to give an example of a function or process that each component participates in.

Answer 19

• microfilaments: helps with movement around cell
• intermediate filaments: stabilizes positions of organelles and nucleus (mechanical help)
• microtubules: serve as “railway” for transport vehicles