Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what makes something living?

A

M: movement
R: respiration
S: sensitivity

G: growth
R: reproduction
E: excretion
N: nutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cells

A

makes up all living things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Broad categories of cell

A

eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the major difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

A

eukaryotic cells have a nucleus whereas prokaryotic cells don’t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the organelles are found in animal cells

A

nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the organelles are found in plant cells

A

nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, cell membrane, permanent vacuole, cell wall, chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the organelles found in plant cells but not animal

A

permanent vacuole, cell wall, chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

nucleus

A

Controls cell. Contains the genetic information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cytoplasm

A

A liquid gel in which other organelles are found

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

mitochondria

A

Site of aerobic respiration and where energy is released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ribosomes

A

site of protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cell membrane

A

controls what goes in and out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

permanent vacuole

A

filled with cell sap, helps the cell keep rigid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cell wall

A

made of cellulose, strengthens the cell and helps give it support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Chloroplasts

A

contain chlorophyll which absorbs light, site of photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the organelles found in bacterial cells

A

flagella, plasmids, cell wall, slime capsule, cell membrane, cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

plasmids

A

small rings of DNA that carry genes for antibiotic resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

flagellum

A

strands of protein that act like propellers to move bacteria forward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Slime capsule

A

protects bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Different types of microscopes

A

light and electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how do light microscopes work

A

a beam of light is used to form an image of an object

22
Q

how do electron microscopes work

A

a beam of electrons are used to form the image of an object

23
Q

equation for magnification of light microscopes

A

Total magnification = eyepiece lens magnification x objective lens magnification

24
Q

calculation for cell magnification from images

A

magnification = image size / actual size

25
Q

how many nanometres in 1 micrometre

A

1,000

26
Q

how many micrometres in 1 millimetre

A

1,000

27
Q

the max magnification on light microscopes

A

x2,000

28
Q

the max magnification on electron microscopes

A

x2,000,000

29
Q

specialised cell

A

adapted to their function

30
Q

Examples of specialised animal cells

A

nerve cell
muscle cell
sperm cell

31
Q

function of nerve cell

A

carry electrical impulses around the body

32
Q

adaptations of nerve cell

A

• lots of dentrites and synapses - connects - lot of mitochondria providing energy to make transmitter molecules
• long axon - carries impulse one place to another

33
Q

function of muscle cell

A

contract and relax to allow movement

34
Q

Adaptations of muscle cells

A

• fibres that slide over one another to contract
• lots of mitochondria for energy for contractions
• store glycogen that can be converted to glucose for respiration

35
Q

function of speed cell

A

fertilise an egg cell

36
Q

adaptations of sperm cells

A

• tail for movement
• lot of mitochondria for energy for tail movement
• digestive enzymes in acrosome to break through egg
• large nucleus contains genetic info

37
Q

examples of specialised plant cells

A

• root hair cell
• xylem cell
• phloem cells

38
Q

function of root hair cells

A

absorb water and minerals

39
Q

two adaptations of root hair cell

A

• large surface area for water to move into cell by osmosis
• large permanent vacuole speeds up osmosis

40
Q

function of xylem cells

A

transports water and mineral ions from the roots to leaves and shoots

41
Q

adaptations of xylem cells

A
42
Q

function of phloem cells

A

transports glucose around plant

43
Q

adaptations of phloem cells

A
44
Q

diffusion

A

the movement of particles from its area of high concentration to an area of its low concentration, down a concentration gradient

45
Q

substances that commonly enter cells

A

glucose and oxygen

46
Q

what substances are commonly removed from cells

A

urea and carbon dioxide

47
Q

factors that can affect diffusion

A

temperature, size of concentration gradient, surface area, diffusion distance

48
Q

what affect does becoming larger have on surface area to volume ratio

A

the larger ration the better an a organism is at exchanging material

49
Q

common adaptations of exchange surfaces

A

surface area, width of membrane, blood supply

50
Q

why is a thin membrane useful

A

provides short diffusion distance

51
Q

why is a good blood supply useful

A

maintains a steep concentration gradient

Science (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions