Cells Flashcards
basic structural unit of an organism and the building
block of life; all living things are made of cells
cell
process by which a cell divides into two
new cells
cell division
(1) the cell is the basic unit of life; (2) all
organisms are made up of one or more cells; (3) all cells
come from existing cells
cell theory
microscope that uses
light focussed through several different lenses, which
make up the eyepiece and the objective lenses, to form
a magnified image of a specimen
compound light microscope
the lens of a microscope that magnifies the
specimen, usually by 10 times (10x)
eye piece
part of a microscope on which a slide is placed
for observation
stage
thin covering that holds the cytoplasm
and organelles inside a cell and controls the passage of
materials in or out of the cell
cell membrane
rigid structure that surrounds the cell
membrane of plant cells; provides strength and support
for a plant cell
cell wall
membrane-bound organelle of a plant cell
that contains a green substance (pigment) called
chlorophyll; chlorophyll uses the Sun’s energy to convert
carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen in a
process called photosynthesis
chloroplast
m jelly-like material that fills the cell and
surrounds the organelles; contains nutrients the cell
needs to survive
cytoplasm
folded organelle in a cell that makes proteins
endoplasmic reitculum
folded organelle that combines
proteins made by the endoplasmic reticulum and delivers
them to the rest of the cell and outside the cell
golgi apparatus
organelle that breaks down food and
digests wastes
lysosome
thin structure that separates an interior
environment from its exterior surroundings (e.g., cell
membrane); organelle membranes keep different parts
of the cell separate from one another
membrane
membrane-bound organelles that break
down food particles and release their stored energy into
a form that the cell can use to fuel all of its activities;
powerhouses of the cell
mitochondria
