Cells Flashcards
3 main parts of cells
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Organelles
Name all the organelles
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Centrosomes
Structure of cell membrane
Phospholipid bilayer
Proteins
Selectively permeable
Specialised transports into the cell membrane
Pores
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport
Function of cell membrane
Surround cell
Controls substances that enter/exit
Divides internal structure of cell from ext.
Structure of nucleus
Double membrane
Contains nuclueolus
Contains DNA
Functions of nucleus
Information centre of cell
Carries info for protein synthesis
Function of nucleolus
Manutfacture ribosomes
Difference between cytoplasm and cytosol
Cytoplasm = all contents within cell membrane
Cytosol = fluid everything inside cell floats around in
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Structure of mitochondria
Smooth outer membrane
Highly folded inner membrane (increased surface area)
Found in cells = active (skeletal muscle)
Function of mitochondria
Cellular respiration
Stores ATP Adeonosine Triphosphate
Where are ribosomes found?
Floating around the cytoplasm
or attached to RER
Function of ribosomes?
Synthesis protein for the cell
Structure of endoplasmic reticulum
Network of membrane-lined interconnected tubes and cavities in the cytoplasm
Rough ER
Ribosomes attached to surface
Transports proteins (after they were synthesised by ribosomes)
Smooth ER
No ribosomes
Synthesise and transport lipids and steroids
Golgi apparatus
Flattened sacs
Modifies proteins - adds carbs\
Helps form lysosomes
Lysosomes
Membrane-bound sace
Contain lysozymes/ digestive enzymes
Digest materials in cell - phagocytosis
Centrosome
Each has a pair of rod like structures aka centrioles arranged perpendicular to each other
Help with cell division during mitosis
Cilia and flagella
Extensions of plasma membrane on some cells
Cilia: move fluid (mucus and debris) to surface
Flagella: single and longer than cilia (tail of a spermatozoon)
Endocytosis
Materials taken in the cell
Exocytosis
Materials taken out of cell
2 types of endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Process of endocytosis
Cell surface folds to make small pocket lined by cell membrane
Pocket seals off to make vesicle which has material brought inside
Separates from cell surface
Fuses with lysosomes
Digest the vesicle contents
Fluid distribution in the body
Intracellular fluid 67%
Extracellular fluid 33%
Intracellular fluid
67%
Fluid in the cells
Cytosol
Extracellular fluid
33%
Fluid outside of cells
Made up of: Interstitial fluid (80%), plasma (20%), Transcellular Fluid (1%)
Interstitial fluid
Makes up for 80% of extracellular fluid
Forced out of capillaries by hydrostatic pressure
Hydrostatic pressure
Force generated by a fluid
Movement of water from area of high pressure to lower pressure
Fluid moving from capillaries to interstitial space
Osmosis
Movement of water from higher concentration to lower concentration through cells’ partically permeable membrane
Fluid movement between intracellular fluid and interstitial fluid
