Anatomical directions

Question 1

Cranial (Body)

Answer 1

Towards head of patient

Question 2

Caudal (Body)

Answer 2

Toward tail end of patient

Question 3

Dorsal (Body)

Answer 3

Towards top of back/spine

Question 4

Ventral (Body)

Answer 4

Towards bottom of chest/abdomen

Question 5

Rostral (Head)

Answer 5

Towards nose/muzzle

Question 6

Caudal (Head)

Answer 6

Towards top of head/ near neck

Question 7

Dorsal (Lower forelimb)

Answer 7

Towards front of lower forelimb (away from ground)

Question 8

Proximal (limbs)

Answer 8

Towards body end of limb

Question 9

Palmar (Lower forelimb)

Answer 9

Towards back of the lower forelimb (towards ground)

Question 10

Distal (limbs)

Answer 10

Towards the toe/foot end of limb

Question 11

Medial

Answer 11

Closer to midline of dog

Question 12

Lateral

Answer 12

Further away from midline of dog

Question 13

Transverse plane

Answer 13

Divides body/limb into cranial and caudal portions

Question 14

Sagittal plane

Answer 14

Divides body from head to tail into 2: right and left (not always equal sides)

Question 15

Median plane

Answer 15

Divides body from head to tail into 2 equal sides: right and left

Question 16

Dorsal plane

Answer 16

Divides body into dorsal and ventral parts

Question 17

Axial

Answer 17

Move towards centre of body (on limb)

Question 18

Abaxial

Answer 18

Move away from centre of body (on limb)

Question 19

Ipsilateral

Answer 19

On same side

Question 20

Contralateral

Answer 20

On opposite side