CELLS

Question 1

Plasmas membrane

Answer 1

Made from lipids and proteins.
Regulates movement of substances in and out cells.
Receptor molecules-respond to hormones.

Question 2

Cell wall

Answer 2

Surround cells
Made from carbohydrate cellulose.
It is rigid

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

Surrounded b nucleus envelope, containing pores, contains chromatin. Pores are used to moved rna between nucleus/cytoplasm.
It has a nucleus structure, makes ribosomes.

Question 4

Nucleus envelope

Answer 4

Double membrane,,has pores.

Question 5

Lysozyme

Answer 5

Round organelle surrounded by membrane.
No internal structure.
Has digestive enzymes-separate from cytoplasm., these digest invading cels. And also brea worn parts of cells.

Question 6

Ribosome

Answer 6

Small organelle=ether floats, or attached to RER.proteins and RNA, no nucleus

Question 7

Rough endoplsmic reticulum

Answer 7

Has membrane enclosing fluid filling
Is covered with ribosomes
Folds and process’s proteins

Question 8

Smooth endoplasme reticulum

Answer 8

Similar to rer, however no rbisomes, and creates/processes lipids

Question 9

Vesicles

Answer 9

Small fluid filling sac. Surrounded by cytoplasm.
Transports substances in and out of cell, which som are from Golgi or RER, or from cell surface.

Question 10

Golgi apparatus

Answer 10

Group fo fluid filled membrane, flat sacs.
Vesicles are at edge.
Processes/package lipids/proteins.
Makes lysozyme.

Question 11

Mitochondrian

Answer 11

Oval shaped.
Double membrane.
Inner folded-CRITASE.
Inside is matrix-where enzymes-respiration.
ATP produced

Question 12

What is inside and inner mitochondrian?

Answer 12

Inside-matrix
Inner-criâse.

Question 13

Chloroplasts

Answer 13

Doule membranes.
Has membranes as thylakoid.
Staked in some parts to form GRANA, linked by lamelle.

Photosynthesis happens in grana, and also storma-thick fluid.

Question 14

Grana

Answer 14

STACKS of thylakoid membranes, in some parts of chloroplasts.
Linked by lamelle-thin flat of thylakoids. Photosynthesis happens in grana,

Question 15

centriole

Answer 15

Small hollow cylinders.
Contains microtubes.
Causes chromosomes to separate.

Question 16

Cilia

Answer 16

Small hair.
Outer membrane is a ring of 9 protein microtubles inside, and 2 in middle, allowing cilia to move.

Question 17

flagellum

Answer 17

Same as cilia-but longer.
Mcirotubcles contract which makes it move towards out to let cells travel.

Question 18

Protein production

Answer 18

Ribosomes on RER, are attached to membrane. These are folded and processed,
trapsorte to Golgi apparatus=
further processed,
this is then trapsorted to vesicles,
which transport around cell.
Those free ribosomes stay.

Question 19

Cytoplasm

Answer 19

Has a newtork of protein threads=
cytoskeleton, which ar arranged as microfilaments, and microtubules.

Question 20

Cytoskeleton functions

Answer 20

1)microtubcles/filaments-support cell organelle by making them in position.
2)strength cells
3)responsible 4 movement, like during mitosis.
4)proteins of cytoskeleton make cell move, like cilia/flagella are caused by filaments

Question 21

dynamic

Answer 21

Réponses to changes, like cykoskletion.

Question 22

Magnifications

Answer 22

Image/object

Question 23

What are the type of microscopes?

Answer 23

Light, laser scanning confocal, and electron

Question 24

Light

Answer 24

Low resolution
0.2 micro resolution
X1500 magnification.

Question 25

Laser scanning confocal

Answer 25

Laser beams to scan specimen, where dye gives light. Focused through pins, and the detector generates image.

Question 26

TEM

Answer 26

Electromagnets- make denser look darker
High resolution
1000000x magnification
0.0002 resolution

Question 27

SEM

Answer 27

Scan beams of electrons, knock electrons which gathered in cathode to make image which can be 3D.
50000 magnification
0.002 micro resolution

Question 28

Stain for light

Answer 28

Dye, where some takes more
Different stains for different things.

Question 29

Stain of electron

Answer 29

Dipped in heavy metals

Question 30

Preparing a slide-dry

Answer 30

Use tweezers to pick specimen-put in middle.
Pop on cover slip

Question 31

Preparing a slide-wet

Answer 31

Pipet a drop of water.
Place sample in middle of water.
Make slip stand upright, and carefully tilt.
Add stain to one edge, and clean excess with tissue.

Question 32

How to use light microscope

Answer 32

1)clip slide to specimen.
2)use lowest objective lense
3)use coarse adjustment-move stage up.
4)look at eyepiece-use coarse adjustment to move down if needed.
5)make it focused, by fine adjustment knob.