Cells

Question 1

is near the center of the cell. It is surrounded by cytoplasm, which in turn is enclosed by the plasma membrane.

Answer 1

Nucleus

Question 2

When the cell is not dividing, the genetic material is loosely dispersed throughout the nucleus in a threadlike form called

Answer 2

chromatin

Question 3

When the cell is in the process of dividing to form daughter cells, the chromatin coils and condenses, forming dense, rodlike bodies called

Answer 3

Chromosomes

Question 4

The nucleus also contains one or more small spherical Bodies called

Answer 4

Nucleoli

Question 5

, composed primarily of proteins and ribonucleic acid (RNA).

Answer 5

Nucleoli

Question 6

The nucleus is bound by a double-layered porous membrane

Answer 6

Nuclear envelope

Question 7

separates cell contents from the surrounding environment, providing a protective barrier

Answer 7

Plasma membrane

Question 8

It’s main structural building blocks are phospholipids (fats) and globular protein molecules.

Answer 8

Plasma membrane

Question 9

Tiny spherical bodies composed of RNA and protein; floating free or attached to a membranous structure (the rough ER) in the cytoplasm. Actual sites of protein synthesis.

Answer 9

Ribosomes

Question 10

Membranous system of tubules that extends throughout the cytoplasm; two varieties: rough and smooth

Answer 10

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

is studded with ribosomes, tubules of the __ ER provide an area for storage and transport of the proteins made on the ribosomes to other cell areas.

Answer 11

Rough ER

Question 12

, which has no function in protein synthesis, is a site of steroid and lipid synthesis, lipid metabolism, and drug detoxification.

Answer 12

Smooth ER

Question 13

Stack of flattened sacs with bulbous ends and associated small vesicles; found close to the nucleus.

Answer 13

Golgi apparatus

Question 14

Plays a role in packaging proteins or other substances for export from the cell or incorporation into the plasma membrane and in packaging lysosomal enzymes.

Answer 14

Golgi apparatus

Question 15

Various-sized membranous sacs containing digestive enzymes including acid hydrolases; function to digest worn-out cell organelles and foreign substances that enter the cell.

Answer 15

Lysosomes

Question 16

. Have the capacity of total cell destruction if ruptured and are for this reason referred to as “suicide sacs.”

Answer 16

Lysosomes

Question 17

Small lysosome-like membranous sacs containing oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol, free radicals, and other harmful chemicals. They are particularly abdundant in liver and kidney cells.

Answer 17

Ribosomes

Question 18

Generally rod-shaped bodies with a double-membrane wall; inner membrane is shaped into folds, or cristae; contain enzymes that oxidize foodstuffs to produce cellular energy (ATP); often referred to as “powerhouses of the cell.”

Answer 18

Mitochondria