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Biology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the parts of the nucleus

A

Nuclear pores, nuclear envelope, nucleolus and nucleoplasm

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2
Q

What is the function of the nucleus

A

Stores DNA as chromosomes
Nucleolus stores and assembles ribosomes for rRNA

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3
Q

What is the function of the ribosome

A

Synthesise polypeptides using mRNA

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4
Q

What are the 2 subunits of ribosomes

A

Ribosomal RNA and protein

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5
Q

What are the 2 parts of the mitochondria

A

Cristae and matrix

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6
Q

Which organelle are double membraned

A

Mitochondria and nucleus and chloroplasts

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7
Q

What is the function of mitochondria

A

Site of aerobic respiration
Synthesise ATP from ADP + Pi

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8
Q

What are the features of chloroplasts

A

Stroma, thylakoid and granum

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9
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts

A

Site of photosynthesis

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10
Q

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Site of protein synthesis and post-translational modification
Ribosomes attached
Encloses nucleus

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11
Q

What are the features of RER and SER and golgi

A

Membranes called cisternae which provide a large SA

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12
Q

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Site of carbohydrate and lipid synthesis, storage and transport

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13
Q

What is the function of the golgi apparatus

A

Creates lysosomes and other vesicles
Adds carbohydrates, packages and transports proteins in vesicles
Transports, modifies and stores lipids

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14
Q

What is the function of lysosomes

A

Contain hydrolytic enzymes known as lysozymes
Hydrolyse and break down cells in apoptosis or phagocytosed bodies

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15
Q

What is the function of the vacuole

A

Supports the plant cell making it turgid
Acts as a store of sugars, amino acids and pigments

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16
Q

What is the function of cell membranes

A

Partially permeable barriers

17
Q

What is the function of the cell wall

A

Provides mechanical support

18
Q

Why are genes expressed

A

To allow cells to specialise

19
Q

Why is epithelial tissue more efficient than single cells

A

Constituent cells specialise with some secreting mucus and other cells involved in transport

20
Q

What are the layers of a leaf cell

A

(From top to bottom) Epidermis
Palisade mesophyll
Spongy mesophyll
Epidermis

21
Q

Why are leaf cells efficient

A

Some tissues are specialised for transport, some for photosynthesis and some for exchange

22
Q

Where are epithelial cells found and what is their function

A

Often line surfaces of organs and often protect or secrete

23
Q

True or false: prokaryotes have membrane bound organelles

A

False

24
Q

What is the function of flagella

A

Movement

25
Q

What is the function of the capsule

A

Protection and covers antigens

26
Q

True or false: DNA is circular in prokaryotes

A

True

27
Q

What are plasmids

A

Small rings of DNA in prokaryotes

28
Q

What is the function of pili

A

Adhesion

29
Q

What is the wall of a bacterial cell made of

A

peptidoglycan

30
Q

Why are viruses non-living

A

Small and acellular

Biology (3 decks)

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