Cells

Question 1

List the 7 characteristics of an living organism

Answer 1

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition
‘MRS GREN’

Question 2

Size meaning?
µm

Answer 2

micrometre

Question 3

nm

Answer 3

Nanometre

Question 4

Cell or Plasma Membrane
function?

Answer 4

Provides structure to the cell & is semi-permeable.

Question 5

What is a cells membrane made out of?

Answer 5

Phospholipid bilayer
Protein molecules
Carbohydrate molecules

Question 6

Passive Diffusion

Answer 6

Movement of molecules
from an area of high
concentration to an area of
low concentration through a
semi-permeable membrane

Question 7

What molecules can pass freely through a cell membrane?
FREE ENTRY

Answer 7

O2
CO2
H2O
Lipids

Question 8

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 8

Passive movement of large molecules through a semi-permeable membrane
From area of high to low concentration
With the use of proteins.

Question 9

Osmosis

Answer 9

Movement of water through a semi-permeable
membrane
-area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

Question 10

Active Transport

Answer 10

Requires energy to transport
molecules and ions through a semi-permeable membrane
(AGAINST concentration
gradient)

Question 11

What ions & molecules are needed for Active transport.

Answer 11

Glucose/ amino acids.
sodium & potassium

Question 12

Provision Of Energy For Active Transport?

Answer 12

Glycolysis:
* Conversion of ATP to ADP
* Adenosine Triphosphate
* Adenosine Diphosphate

Question 13

Endocytosis

Answer 13

Material taken into the cell

Question 14

Phagocytosis

Answer 14

ingestion of
bacteria and other material

Question 15

Pinocytosis

Answer 15

the ingestion of
liquid into a cell

Question 16

Exocytosis

Answer 16

Material removed from the cell.

Question 17

Cytoplasm

Answer 17

Fluid within cell.

Question 18

function of cytoplasm?

Answer 18

Supports cell.
Contains organelles

Question 19

Nucleus

Answer 19

‘Information centre’

Question 20

Largest organelle

Answer 20

Nucleus

Question 21

Vacuole

Answer 21

Membrane bound sac in cytoplasm

Question 22

Vacuole roles?

Answer 22

Storage
Secretion
Excretion
Digestion

Question 23

Nucleolus

Answer 23

Largest structure in the nucleus

Question 24

Roles of Nucleolus

Answer 24

Manufactures ribosome
contains RNA

Question 25

Mitochondria

Answer 25

Cell respiration
Transforms and stores energy (ATP)

Question 26

What is ATP?

Answer 26

Adenosine
Triphosphate

Question 27

Lysosomes

Answer 27

Destroys unwanted material.

Question 28

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 28

Synthesises and transports
lipids and steroids

Question 29

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 29

Synthesises and transports proteins.

Question 30

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 30

Synthesises protiens and sorts them for their destination (organelles)

Question 31

Centrosomes

Answer 31

cell division

Question 32

Ribosomes

Answer 32

Synthesis of protein

Question 33

What organelles can you see under a normal microscope (light)

Answer 33

Nucleus
Vacuoles
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm

Question 34

2 cell types

Answer 34

Somatic
Germ cells

Question 35

Somatic cells

Answer 35

All cells of body, except
those involved in
reproduction.

Question 36

Germ cells

Answer 36

Ova and spermatozoa

Question 37

Meiosis Phases

Answer 37

Interphase
Prophase
metaphase
Telophase

Question 38

Interphase

Answer 38

‘Resting phase’

Question 39

Prophase

Answer 39

Nuclear membrane breaks down
Chromosomes replicate
Centrioles move to opposite
ends and form spindle fibres

Question 40

Metaphase

Answer 40

Chromosomes line up at
equator of cell

Question 41

Anaphase

Answer 41

Chromatids pulled to opposite
ends of cell

Question 42

Telophase

Answer 42

Spindles break down and
nuclear membrane reforms

Question 43

Meiosis

Answer 43

Division of germ cells