Cells Flashcards
1
Q
Organelles
A
structures within a cell
2
Q
Centrosome
A
has 2 centrioles which assist in cell division
3
Q
Microvilli
A
increase area for absorption
4
Q
Mitochondrion
A
- respiration occurs here
- found in both plant + animal cells
- outer membrane is smooth; inner membrane has fold called cristae
- energy is released in the form of ATP in the mitochondria
- cells that require a lot of energy have many mitochondria
5
Q
Plasmodesma(ta)
A
pores allow cytoplasmic threads, (plasmodesmata), to connect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells
6
Q
Intercellular air space
A
- contains air
- allows for the interchange of gases
7
Q
Golgi body
A
- aka dictyosome
- system of double membranous sacs
- packages and secretes cellular products such as enzymes
8
Q
Cell wall structure
A
- found around plant cell only
- non-living layer
- large spaces in the cell wall make it porous/permeable
- has pores containing cytoplasmic threads, (plasmodesmata), to connect the cytoplasm of the neighboring cells
- has 3 layers when mature:
middle lamella (pectin)
primary cell wall (cellulose)
secondary cell wall (cellulose + lignin)
9
Q
Cell wall function
A
- rigid + gives shape to plant cells
- protects cell contents + prevents the plant cell from bursting
- enables water and dissolved substances to pass freely through it
10
Q
Vacuole structure
A
- large fluid-filled organelle surrounded by a membrane known as the tonoplast
- fluid in the vacuole is know as cell sap
- plant cells have large vacuoles; animal cells have small vacuoles (if present)
11
Q
Vacuole function
A
- provides turgidity to plant cells
- regulates the water content of cells
- Store solutes, such as minerals
12
Q
Chloroplast
A
- photosynthesis occurs here
- are plastids
- contains the green pigment chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight
- other plastids include:
chromoplasts: red, orange or yellow; give colour to some fruit and vegetables
leucoplasts: colourless: store starch
13
Q
Cytosol
A
- found in plant + animal cells
- site of most chemical reactions
- transports minerals, dissolved nutrients and gases by diffusion
- the fluid in which organelles are found
- consists on 90% water with dissolved substances
Inorganic
gases
minerals
Organic
carbs
proteins
fats
vitamins
14
Q
Cell membrane (structure)
A
- aka plasma membrane
- found in plant + animal cells
- outer living component of cells which encloses the cytoplasm
- Has 2 layers of phospholipid molecules
- each phospho… contains water-attracting head + water-repelling tail
15
Q
Cell membrane (function)
A
- controls movement of substances in and out the cell
- some contain microvilli
- = DPM (differentially permeable membranes)
- ways substances pass through the cell membrane:
passive diffusion
osmosis
active transport
