Cells Flashcards
what do cells consist of?
nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane
the groundplasm
explain what the cytoplasm is?
The Cytoplasm fills the cell, and is a jelly like fluid with all organelles suspended inside
what are the three inorganic components?
Water, gases, mineral salts
what are the 4 organic components in a cell? And give a short description of each.
-Proteins which are a structural component of the cell
-Carbohydrates which has sugars and starch
-Lipids are fats
-Nucleic acids with RNA and DNA
Explain the difference between a primary cell wall and secondary cell wall.
A primary cell wall has molecules that are stacked unneatly and contain pectin, and the secondary cell wall has molecules that are stacked neatly and contain lignin.
What is a polysaccharide?
A monomer that contains glucose.
True or False
Cell walls happen in both plant and animal cells.
False
What is Lignin and what is Pectin?
Lignin is a woody substance and pectin is a sugary substance.
What are the functions of a cell wall?
-Structural support and gives plants a rigid shape
-Protects the plant from physical damage
What is Plasmodesmata?
Thin, cytoplasmic threads that reach through the cell wall.
The gaps in the cell wall are called…
Pits
What is osmosis?
The movement of water particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.
What is the functions of a cell membrane?
-encloses the cell contents
-differentially permeable and controls everything that enters and leaves the cell
-forms an important part of the cellular immunity systems
-membranes inside the cell play important roles in bringing parts of the cell in contact with one another
what is diffusion?
diffusion is the movement of a gas or liquid from a high concentration to low concentration.
what is the tempo of diffusion influenced by?
-concentration gradient (bigger the differences the faster the diffusion
-temperature (high temperature promotes diffusion)
-pressure (pressure increases diffusion increases)
What two groups are organisms split into?
Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
Differentiate between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Prokaryotes have no membrane and their genetic material is free floating.
Eukaryotes have a membrane and their genetic material is inside the nucleus
What is the biggest organelle in the cell?
The Nucleus which contains DNA and RNA
what is the space between two membranes called?
peri nuclear space
what are the functions of the nucleus?
-control the cell metabolism
-differentiation and specialization of cells
-transfer hereditary information
-reproduction of cells
