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Bioligy > cells > Flashcards

cells Flashcards

1
Q

which part of a cell synthesises proteins

A

ribosome

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2
Q

What structure controls the passage of substances into and out of a cell?

A

cell membrane

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3
Q

Which part of a plant cell absorbs light for photosynthesis?

A

chloroplast

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4
Q

Which part of a cell controls the cell’s activities?

A

nucleus

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5
Q

The plant cell wall is made of a material called __________. What one word completes this sentence?

A

cellulose

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6
Q

Which parts of a cell provide the cell with energy?

A

mitochondria

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7
Q

Chloroplasts absorb energy from what?

A

‘light’ ‘sun’ ‘sunlight’ ‘light energy’

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8
Q

In the diagram of a plant cell, what is the feature labelled A?

A

nucleus

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9
Q

In a bacterial cell, where would you find the DNA plasmids?

A

cytoplasm

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10
Q

What name is given to a group of cells with similar structure and function?

A

tissues

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11
Q

which of these is a example of a tissue? muscle-ear-arm-red blood cell

A

muscle

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12
Q

Which DNA-containing component of other living cells is missing from bacteria?

A

nucleus

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13
Q

Another name for the cells in plants and animals is __________ cells. What word completes the sentence?

A

eukaryotic

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14
Q

Are bacterial cells eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

prokaryotic

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15
Q

Which microorganism is described in the following sentences? “They are small cells. Their cells do not contain a nucleus but do have a cell wall.”

A

Bacteria

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16
Q

What name is given to the short loops of DNA found only in bacterial cells?

A

Plasmid

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17
Q

Which of these is a eukaryote? - a human skin cell - a human

A

a human

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18
Q

Which cell part, found in virtually all cells, are red blood cells missing?

A

Nucleus

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19
Q

During the development of a multicellular organism, its cells specialise. What is this process of specialisation called?

A

Cell differentiation

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20
Q

Cells __________ during development to perform different functions.

A

Differentiate

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21
Q

True or false? All human stem cells have the ability to differentiate into any type of human cell.

A

Fasle

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22
Q

In mature animals, cell division is mainly restricted to repairing tissues by __________ old or damaged cells

A

replacing

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23
Q

True or false? Stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into nerve cells.

A

True

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24
Q

There is a risk that __________ can be transferred when using stem cells in medical treatments. What word completes the sentence?

A

“infections” or “viral infections” or “viruses” or “virii” or “diseases”

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25
Q

Rare species of plants can be cloned so they don’t go extinct. To do this, stem cells are taken from the __________ of the plant. What one word completes the sentence?

A

meristem

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26
Q

A plant has a desirable trait: it is disease resistant. What can be done to quickly produce large numbers of identical plants with this same trait?

A

clone

27
Q

What type of cell may be used to treat conditions like paralysis?

A

stem cell

28
Q

Stem cells have not yet __________, so they retain the ability to develop into other types of cells.

A

“differentiated” or “specialised”

29
Q

A bone marrow cell has the ability to change into other types of cell. What name is given to this type of cell?

A

stem cell

30
Q

Which word should be in the sentence ? stem cells have the ability to____ into many other types of cells

A

Differentiate

31
Q

Which word should be in the sentence ? some people object to the use of these cells, and it is possible to use ____ stem cells from the bone marrow.

A

Adult

32
Q

the part you look through on the microscope is called ?

A

eyepiece lens

33
Q

What type of microscope would a biologist use to study sub-cellular structures?

A

“electron microscope” or “electron” or “use electron microscope” or “transmission electron microscope” or “scanning electron microscope”

34
Q

Iqbal is observing a seed using a digital microscope. The length of the image is 12mm and the microscope is set to ×4. What is the actual length of the seed?

A

3

35
Q

There are two ways to culture bacteria in a school laboratory: as colonies on an agar gel plate, or in a… what?

A

“nutrient broth solution

36
Q

True or false? A cell must increase its numbers of ribosomes and mitochondria before it divides.

A

True

37
Q

What type of cell division results in growth?

A

mitosis

38
Q

What type of cell division results in cells that are genetically identical?

A

mitosis

39
Q

True or false? Mitosis is another name for the cell cycle.

A

false

40
Q

What divides into two in stage 2 of the cell cycle?

A

nucleus

41
Q

What divides in stage 3 of the cell cycle to form two identical cells?

A

cell membrane

42
Q

What type of transport is usually happening when oxygen is absorbed into cells?

A

diffusion

43
Q

What is the missing word? __________ substances can move into or out of cells by diffusion.

A

soluble

44
Q

What name is given to the process by which a dissolved substance moves across a boundary without energy being required?

A

diffusion

45
Q

True or false? Water molecules move into and out of cells through the cell membrane by active transport.

A

false

46
Q

True or false? Water molecules move into and out of cells through the cell membrane by active transport.

A

false

47
Q

A large __________ __________ can increase the effectiveness of exchange surfaces in plants and animals. What two words complete the sentence?

A

surface area

48
Q

Should an ideal exchange surface be thick or thin?

A

thin

49
Q

Name the structure that increases the surface area of the small intestine in humans.

A

villi

50
Q

True or false? It is more difficult to exchange materials effectively in large, complex organisms than in small, simple organisms.

A

True

51
Q

Kieran says that the lungs contain alveoli in order to provide them with an efficient blood supply. Is he right?

A

no

52
Q

True or false? Materials diffuse from the blood into the tissue fluid up a concentration gradient.

A

false

53
Q

Name the waste product formed from the breakdown of amino acids, which is transported around the body in the blood plasma.

A

urea

54
Q

True or false? Diffusion takes place only in liquids.

A

false

55
Q

What adaptation in fish has increased their surface area to volume ratios?

A

gills

56
Q

The small intestine is adapted for exchanging materials because it has a large surface area, a thin membrane, and an efficient __________ supply. What word completes the sentence?

A

blood

57
Q

The diagram shows two solutions separated by a membrane. Water molecules can cross the membrane but solute molecules cannot. What name is given to this type of membrane?

A

partially permeable

58
Q

Look at the following statement. What word completes the first gap? Substances move by diffusion from an area where they are __________ concentrated to an area where they are ___________ concentrated.

A

Highley

59
Q

Look at the following statement. What word completes the second gap? Substances move by diffusion from an area where they are __________ concentrated to an area where they are __________ concentrated.

A

less

60
Q

Which organism has a larger surface area to volume ratio: a bacterium or a hedgehog?

A

bacterium

61
Q

Name the process by which substances can be absorbed against a concentration gradient.

A

active transport

62
Q

During a marathon the runner will lose a lot of water in… what?

A

sweat

63
Q

What process provides the energy required to transport substances against a concentration gradient?

A

respiraition

64
Q

Name one type of substance that is taken into a root hair cell using active transport.

A

nitrate

Bioligy (5 decks)

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