cells Flashcards
which part of a cell synthesises proteins
ribosome
What structure controls the passage of substances into and out of a cell?
cell membrane
Which part of a plant cell absorbs light for photosynthesis?
chloroplast
Which part of a cell controls the cell’s activities?
nucleus
The plant cell wall is made of a material called __________. What one word completes this sentence?
cellulose
Which parts of a cell provide the cell with energy?
mitochondria
Chloroplasts absorb energy from what?
‘light’ ‘sun’ ‘sunlight’ ‘light energy’
In the diagram of a plant cell, what is the feature labelled A?
nucleus
In a bacterial cell, where would you find the DNA plasmids?
cytoplasm
What name is given to a group of cells with similar structure and function?
tissues
which of these is a example of a tissue? muscle-ear-arm-red blood cell
muscle
Which DNA-containing component of other living cells is missing from bacteria?
nucleus
Another name for the cells in plants and animals is __________ cells. What word completes the sentence?
eukaryotic
Are bacterial cells eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
prokaryotic
Which microorganism is described in the following sentences? “They are small cells. Their cells do not contain a nucleus but do have a cell wall.”
Bacteria
What name is given to the short loops of DNA found only in bacterial cells?
Plasmid
Which of these is a eukaryote? - a human skin cell - a human
a human
Which cell part, found in virtually all cells, are red blood cells missing?
Nucleus
During the development of a multicellular organism, its cells specialise. What is this process of specialisation called?
Cell differentiation
Cells __________ during development to perform different functions.
Differentiate
True or false? All human stem cells have the ability to differentiate into any type of human cell.
Fasle
In mature animals, cell division is mainly restricted to repairing tissues by __________ old or damaged cells
replacing
True or false? Stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into nerve cells.
True
There is a risk that __________ can be transferred when using stem cells in medical treatments. What word completes the sentence?
“infections” or “viral infections” or “viruses” or “virii” or “diseases”
Rare species of plants can be cloned so they don’t go extinct. To do this, stem cells are taken from the __________ of the plant. What one word completes the sentence?
meristem
A plant has a desirable trait: it is disease resistant. What can be done to quickly produce large numbers of identical plants with this same trait?
clone
What type of cell may be used to treat conditions like paralysis?
stem cell
Stem cells have not yet __________, so they retain the ability to develop into other types of cells.
“differentiated” or “specialised”
A bone marrow cell has the ability to change into other types of cell. What name is given to this type of cell?
stem cell
Which word should be in the sentence ? stem cells have the ability to____ into many other types of cells
Differentiate
Which word should be in the sentence ? some people object to the use of these cells, and it is possible to use ____ stem cells from the bone marrow.
Adult
the part you look through on the microscope is called ?
eyepiece lens
What type of microscope would a biologist use to study sub-cellular structures?
“electron microscope” or “electron” or “use electron microscope” or “transmission electron microscope” or “scanning electron microscope”
Iqbal is observing a seed using a digital microscope. The length of the image is 12mm and the microscope is set to ×4. What is the actual length of the seed?
3
There are two ways to culture bacteria in a school laboratory: as colonies on an agar gel plate, or in a… what?
“nutrient broth solution
True or false? A cell must increase its numbers of ribosomes and mitochondria before it divides.
True
What type of cell division results in growth?
mitosis
What type of cell division results in cells that are genetically identical?
mitosis
True or false? Mitosis is another name for the cell cycle.
false
What divides into two in stage 2 of the cell cycle?
nucleus
What divides in stage 3 of the cell cycle to form two identical cells?
cell membrane
What type of transport is usually happening when oxygen is absorbed into cells?
diffusion
What is the missing word? __________ substances can move into or out of cells by diffusion.
soluble
What name is given to the process by which a dissolved substance moves across a boundary without energy being required?
diffusion
True or false? Water molecules move into and out of cells through the cell membrane by active transport.
false
True or false? Water molecules move into and out of cells through the cell membrane by active transport.
false
A large __________ __________ can increase the effectiveness of exchange surfaces in plants and animals. What two words complete the sentence?
surface area
Should an ideal exchange surface be thick or thin?
thin
Name the structure that increases the surface area of the small intestine in humans.
villi
True or false? It is more difficult to exchange materials effectively in large, complex organisms than in small, simple organisms.
True
Kieran says that the lungs contain alveoli in order to provide them with an efficient blood supply. Is he right?
no
True or false? Materials diffuse from the blood into the tissue fluid up a concentration gradient.
false
Name the waste product formed from the breakdown of amino acids, which is transported around the body in the blood plasma.
urea
True or false? Diffusion takes place only in liquids.
false
What adaptation in fish has increased their surface area to volume ratios?
gills
The small intestine is adapted for exchanging materials because it has a large surface area, a thin membrane, and an efficient __________ supply. What word completes the sentence?
blood
The diagram shows two solutions separated by a membrane. Water molecules can cross the membrane but solute molecules cannot. What name is given to this type of membrane?
partially permeable
Look at the following statement. What word completes the first gap? Substances move by diffusion from an area where they are __________ concentrated to an area where they are ___________ concentrated.
Highley
Look at the following statement. What word completes the second gap? Substances move by diffusion from an area where they are __________ concentrated to an area where they are __________ concentrated.
less
Which organism has a larger surface area to volume ratio: a bacterium or a hedgehog?
bacterium
Name the process by which substances can be absorbed against a concentration gradient.
active transport
During a marathon the runner will lose a lot of water in… what?
sweat
What process provides the energy required to transport substances against a concentration gradient?
respiraition
Name one type of substance that is taken into a root hair cell using active transport.
nitrate
