Cells Flashcards
State 3 differences between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell
Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus whereas eukaryotic cells do have a nucleus.
Prokaryotic cells have a single circular chromosome whereas eukaryotic cells have many linear chromosomes.
Prokaryotic cells have a plasmid where as eukaryotic cells have no plasmid.
Prokaryotic cells have no membrane bound organelles whereas eukaryotic cells do have membrane bound organelles.
State 3 structures a plant (eukaryotic cell) has that an animal (eukaryotic cell) does not.
Plant cells have chloroplasts, cell wall and a permanent vacuole whereas animal cells do not
Describe the 3 parts of cell theory.
Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.
All cells come from pre-existing cells.
All living things are made from one or more cells or from products of cells.
State the word equation for aerobic cellular respiration
glucose + oxyen –> carbon dioxide + water
Describe 3 steps required to make a wet mount slide.
Place a drop of water on to a slide
Place a thin piece of the sample on to the slide
Place a drop of _________ stain on to the slide
Use a paper towel to draw the stain through
Put a coverslip on top
Define the function of the nucleus
Contains DNA which controls cellular functions by coding for proteins
Define the function of the mitochondrion
Site of aerobic cellular respiration
Define the function of the ribosome
Site of polypeptide synthesis
Define the function of the Golgi body/apparatus
Final modification and packaging of proteins into secretory vesicles
Define the function of the lysosome
Contains digestive enzymes for the destruction of unwanted cellular material
Define the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum
Folding polypeptides into proteins and transport them into transport vesicles
State the word equation for photosynthesis
carbon dioxide + water –> oxygen and glucose (excess water, chlorophyll and light written over/under the arrow)
State the organelles involved in the synthesis ofa protein for export out of a cell, in order.<
Nucleus, 80s ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, transport vesicle, golgi body, secretory vesicle.
Define the function of the chloroplast
Site of photosynthesis
State three pieces of evidence for the theory of endosymbiosis
Bacterial ribosomal RNA, own DNA genome, double membrane, divide by binary fission
Draw a prokaryotic cell.
Plasma membrane, mesosome, cell wall, plasmid, single circular chromosome, 70s ribosomes, cytosol
Define the function of the plasma membrane.
Regulates the inputs and outputs of the cell
Define the function of the cell wall
Provides structure and support for the cell
Define the function of the cytosol
Fluid part of the cell where some chemical reactions occur
Define the function of the transport vesicle
Transports the protein from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the golgi apparatus
Define the function of the secretory vesicle
Secretes the protein out of the cell by exocytosis
Which two organelles support the theory of endosymbiosis
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
Calculate the overall magnification of a specimen when the objective lens is set to x10 magnification
x10 (objective lens), x10 (ocular lens)
10 x 10 = x100 magnification
Describe what will happen to the field of view when magnification is changed from x100 to x400
When magnification is increased 4x, the field of view will decrease by 4x
List the rules for biological drawings
Pencil drawing
Plain white paper
½ page in size
Include title and magnification
Label parts of the drawing
Draw only what you see
No shading/colouring
Use a ruler for labels with no arrowheads
Define mitosis
Mitosis is the process by which the nucleus of a somatic cell replicates or divides.
Describe what occurs during prophase
Chromosomes become visible and condensed.
Nuclear membrane disappears
Describe what occurs during metaphase
Chromosomes align on the equator of the cell.
Spindle fibres attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes.
Describe what occurs during anaphase
Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibres
Describe what occurs during telophase
Two new nuclear membranes and two new nuclei form.
In an animal cell a cleavage furrow forms
In a plant cell a cell plate forms
What is the theory of endosymbiosis?
A smaller prokaryotic cell was engulfed by a larger prokaryotic cell, this resulted in the first eukaryotic cells
Draw and label a plant cell
Nucleus
plasma membrane
Cytosol
80s ribosomes
Mitochondrion
rough endoplasmic reticulum
transport vesicle
Golgi apparatus
secretory vesicle.
Cellulose cell wall
Chloroplast
Permanent vacuole
Draw and label an animal cell
Why is water added when creating a wet mount slide?
To mimic the natural conditions of the cell and prevent it from drying out
Why does a sample need to be thin when creating a wet mount slide?
To allow light to pass through
Which stain is used when creating a wet mount slide of an animal cell?
Methylene blue
Which stain is used when creating a wet mount slide of a plant cell?
Iodine
Why are stains used when creating a wet mount slide?
To make the nucleus/organelles/chromosomes more visible
