Biomacromolecules and Enzymes Flashcards
Name a monosaccharide
Glucose
What is a monosaccharide?
The monomer of a carbohydrate
Name a disaccharide
Maltose and lactose
What is a disaccharide?
Two monosaccharides chemically bonded together
Name a polysaccharide
Starch and glycogen
What is a polysaccharide?
Long repeating chains of monosaccharides
What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?
Monosaccharide
What is the function of carbohydrates?
Energy storage
What is the monomer of a protein?
Amino acid
What are two examples of protein functions?
Antibodies and enzymes
What type of biomacromolecule is an enzyme?
Protein
What are the components of a lipid?
Glycerol (x1) and fatty acids (x3)
What are the functions of a lipid?
Making lipid based hormones e.g. testosterone or oestrogen
Energy
Insulation
Protecting vital organs
What is activation energy?
Energy required to start a reaction
What is an enzyme?
Protein biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy
How would you describe the active site of an enzyme?
Specific and complimentary
What is a synthesis reaction?
Multiple substrates are combined to form a single product
What is a decomposition reaction?
A single substrate is broken down into multiple products
Draw and label a 3-part enzyme diagram
What does enzyme denaturing mean?
Active site has changed shape, it is no longer specific and complimentary to the substrate
What factors causes an enzyme to denature?
High temperature, any change in pH
What does lipase break down? What is the product.
Breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
What does maltase break down? What is the product.
Breaks down maltose into glucose
What does protease break down? What is the product.
Breaks down proteins into amino acids
What does amylase break down? What is the product.
Breaks down starch into maltose
