Cells 1.2 Ultrastructure Flashcards
What is a prokaryote?
A prokaryote is a cell without a nucleus. All bacteria are prokaryotic.
What does a prokaryotic cell look like? Label 8 cell components.
Cell wall Plasma Membrane Flagellum Pili Cytoplasm Ribosomes Nucleoid DNA
What is the function of a cell wall?
Provides support and keeps the cell in the right shape and protects the cell from outside damage.
What is the function of Pilus?
Enables the cell to stick other surfaces, or other bacterial cells.
What is the function of a flagellum?
It is a “propeller” that enables the cell to move.
What is the function of plasma membrane?
The plasma membrane regulates the movement of materials in and out of the cell.
What is the function of cytoplasm?
Most made out of water. the place where most chemical reactions take place.
What is the function for ribosomes?
Produces protein.
Free ribosomes in prokaryotes are size 70S while eukaryotes are 80S
What is a nucleoid?
A nucleoid only applies for prokaryotes. It’s a region where the naked DNA is located
How do prokaryotes multiply?
Prokaryotes multiply through binary fission.
How does binary fission work?
The DNA duplicates itself in the cell Then the cell elongates Finally, the cell will split into two new cells.
Name at least 8 organelles and their function of an animal cell.
Ribosomes Nucleus Golgi apparatus Mitochondria Cytoplasm Rough endoplasmic reticulum Plasma membrane Vesicles Lysosomes Vacuole
Name at least 8 organelles and their functions of a plant cell.
Ribosomes Cell wall Nucleus Golgi apparatus Mitochondria Cytoplasm Rough endoplasmic reticulum Plasma membrane Vesicles Lysosomes Vacuole
What are two distinct differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?
Eukaryotes are compartmentalized while prokaryotes are not.
Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus while eukaryotes have a nucleus protecting their DNA
Only Eukaryotes have mitochondria
What is the function of a mitochondria?
It’s the site for aerobic respiration. This means that converts and so produces energy.
What is the function of a golgi apparatus?
They involve the the processing and packaging of protein molecules which are using the vesicles send outside the cell.
What is the function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?
The RER produces protein that is then sent to the golgi apparatus.
What is the function of a Vesicle?
small membrane bound sack containing biological molecules that can transport from the cell
What is the function of lysosomes?
Small membrane bound sack containing digestive enzymes.
What is the function of Vacuole?
Vacuoles are large membrane bound sacks used for storage ie. waste, sugar, salt, water
What do lots of Mitochondria indicate?
Many mitochondria indicate that the cell is in high demand for energy. It is a very active cell.
What do lots of chloroplasts indicate?
The cell is doing lots of photosynthesis.
What do lots of RER indicate?
Lots of RER indicates the cell is producing lots of protein to be exported.
Compare Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes.
- Eukaryotes have a nucleus which protects the DNA mixed with protein. **Prokaryotes **do not have a nucleus. Their naked DNA is located in the nucleoid.
- **Eukaryotes **are compartmentalized. Prokaryotes are not compartmentalized.
- **Eukaryotes **have mitochondria. Prokaryotes do not have mitochondria.
- **Eurkaryotic **ribosomes are 80S. **Prokaryotic **ribosomes are 70S
- **Eukaryotes **do not have a flagellum. **Prokaryotes ** have a flagellum.
- Eukaryotes do not have pili. Prokaryotes have pili.
List similarities as well
Compare Plant and Animal cell
- **Plant **cells have chloroplasts. **Animal cells **do not have chloroplasts.
- **Plant **cells have cell walls. **Animal **cells can change shape as they do not have cell walls.
- **Plant **cells have large, central vacuoles. **Animal **cells only sometimes have vacuoles. If they do, they are smaller and temporary.
List similarities.
Why are electromicroscopes better than microscopes?
They have higher resolution due to technology.
Does protein produced in the RER or free ribosomes provide primarly for within the cell?
free ribosome
