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Biology 1. Cells > Cells 1.2 Ultrastructure > Flashcards

Cells 1.2 Ultrastructure Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

A prokaryote is a cell without a nucleus. All bacteria are prokaryotic.

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2
Q

What does a prokaryotic cell look like? Label 8 cell components.

A

Cell wall Plasma Membrane Flagellum Pili Cytoplasm Ribosomes Nucleoid DNA

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3
Q

What is the function of a cell wall?

A

Provides support and keeps the cell in the right shape and protects the cell from outside damage.

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4
Q

What is the function of Pilus?

A

Enables the cell to stick other surfaces, or other bacterial cells.

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5
Q

What is the function of a flagellum?

A

It is a “propeller” that enables the cell to move.

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6
Q

What is the function of plasma membrane?

A

The plasma membrane regulates the movement of materials in and out of the cell.

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7
Q

What is the function of cytoplasm?

A

Most made out of water. the place where most chemical reactions take place.

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8
Q

What is the function for ribosomes?

A

Produces protein.

Free ribosomes in prokaryotes are size 70S while eukaryotes are 80S

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9
Q

What is a nucleoid?

A

A nucleoid only applies for prokaryotes. It’s a region where the naked DNA is located

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10
Q

How do prokaryotes multiply?

A

Prokaryotes multiply through binary fission.

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11
Q

How does binary fission work?

A

The DNA duplicates itself in the cell Then the cell elongates Finally, the cell will split into two new cells.

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12
Q

Name at least 8 organelles and their function of an animal cell.

A

Ribosomes Nucleus Golgi apparatus Mitochondria Cytoplasm Rough endoplasmic reticulum Plasma membrane Vesicles Lysosomes Vacuole

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13
Q

Name at least 8 organelles and their functions of a plant cell.

A

Ribosomes Cell wall Nucleus Golgi apparatus Mitochondria Cytoplasm Rough endoplasmic reticulum Plasma membrane Vesicles Lysosomes Vacuole

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14
Q

What are two distinct differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?

A

Eukaryotes are compartmentalized while prokaryotes are not.

Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus while eukaryotes have a nucleus protecting their DNA

Only Eukaryotes have mitochondria

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15
Q

What is the function of a mitochondria?

A

It’s the site for aerobic respiration. This means that converts and so produces energy.

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16
Q

What is the function of a golgi apparatus?

A

They involve the the processing and packaging of protein molecules which are using the vesicles send outside the cell.

17
Q

What is the function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

The RER produces protein that is then sent to the golgi apparatus.

18
Q

What is the function of a Vesicle?

A

small membrane bound sack containing biological molecules that can transport from the cell

19
Q

What is the function of lysosomes?

A

Small membrane bound sack containing digestive enzymes.

20
Q

What is the function of Vacuole?

A

Vacuoles are large membrane bound sacks used for storage ie. waste, sugar, salt, water

21
Q

What do lots of Mitochondria indicate?

A

Many mitochondria indicate that the cell is in high demand for energy. It is a very active cell.

22
Q

What do lots of chloroplasts indicate?

A

The cell is doing lots of photosynthesis.

23
Q

What do lots of RER indicate?

A

Lots of RER indicates the cell is producing lots of protein to be exported.

24
Q

Compare Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes.

A
  • Eukaryotes have a nucleus which protects the DNA mixed with protein. **Prokaryotes **do not have a nucleus. Their naked DNA is located in the nucleoid.
  • **Eukaryotes **are compartmentalized. Prokaryotes are not compartmentalized.
  • **Eukaryotes **have mitochondria. Prokaryotes do not have mitochondria.
  • **Eurkaryotic **ribosomes are 80S. **Prokaryotic **ribosomes are 70S
  • **Eukaryotes **do not have a flagellum. **Prokaryotes ** have a flagellum.
  • Eukaryotes do not have pili. Prokaryotes have pili.

List similarities as well

25
Q

Compare Plant and Animal cell

A
  • **Plant **cells have chloroplasts. **Animal cells **do not have chloroplasts.
  • **Plant **cells have cell walls. **Animal **cells can change shape as they do not have cell walls.
  • **Plant **cells have large, central vacuoles. **Animal **cells only sometimes have vacuoles. If they do, they are smaller and temporary.

List similarities.

26
Q

Why are electromicroscopes better than microscopes?

A

They have higher resolution due to technology.

27
Q

Does protein produced in the RER or free ribosomes provide primarly for within the cell?

A

free ribosome

Biology 1. Cells (6 decks)

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