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Physiology And Pathology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What does smooth endoplasmic reticulum make

A

lipids

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2
Q

golgi complex structure

A

flattened membrane bound vesicles called cisternae

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3
Q

three types of endocytosis

A

phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor mediated endocytosis

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4
Q

job of golgi complex

A

process raw proteins, package, directed to somewhere in body by using docking marker (marker protein)

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5
Q

explain pinocytosis

A

cell take in fluid that contains dissolved nutrients

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6
Q

difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis

A

phagocytosis - solid
pinocytosis- take in liquid

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7
Q

Cytoskeleton page

A

….

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8
Q

Cells that can move on their own

A

Sperm
WBC
Fibroblasts
Skin cells

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9
Q

What kind of physio do people with motor neurone disease need

A

Early- musculoskeletal
Late- respiratory

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10
Q

Other word for cytoplasm

A

Cytosol

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11
Q

Role of cytosol

A

Enzyme regulation
Protein synthesis at ribosome
Storage (glucose stored as glycogen)
Secretory vesicles

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12
Q

Define apoptosis

A

Programmed cell death

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13
Q

How apoptosis works

A

Mitochondria become leaky, cytochrome c come out into cutosol, activate caspases, protein cutting enzymes
Natural, prevent cancer or damages cells

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14
Q

What is necrosis

A

Uncontrolled, accidental killing of healthy cells
Can’t move na out, H2O goes in, burst
Happens often after lack of o2, heart attack

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15
Q

Does apoptosis or necrosis use energy

A

Apoptosis

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16
Q

Does apoptosis or necrosis have an inflammatory response

A

Necrosis

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17
Q

What happens from too much apoptosis

A

Alzheimer’s
Parkinson’s
Stroke

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18
Q

4 functions of plasma membrane

A

Mechanical barrier
Control in and out
Joining of cells
Communication

19
Q

Phospholipid bilayer membrane proteins (7)

A

Transmembrane channel protein
Active carrier protein
Docking marker acceptors for vesicle leaving
Enzymes
Chemical receptors
Cell adhesion molecules (hold cells together)
Glycoproteins for recognition

20
Q

Stays for Caucasian kids with CF

A

1/2000

21
Q

What channels are defective in CF, what protein faulty

A

Chloride (CFTR protein)

22
Q

Explain cystic fibrosis

A

Defect in CFTR protein, chloride channels faulty, na cl not absorbed so accumulates in fluid lining airway.
Cilia can’t clear, common chest infection, defensin (natural antibiotic) can’t function in salt

23
Q

Where does CF affect

A

Respiratory
Pancreatic
Male reproductive system

24
Q

How is respiration affected by cf

A

Thick mucous
Chest infection
Lung tissue fibrotic (scarred) harder to inflate, increase in work for breathing

25
Q

What part of digestive system affected by cf, how

A

Pancreatic duct blocked
Enzymes for digestion not delivered
Malnutrition
Enzyme accumulate in pancreas, make cyst so become fibrotic

26
Q

3 methods of cell adhesion

A

CAMs (cell adhesion molecules in membrane)
EC matrix
Specialised cells

27
Q

..

A

..

28
Q

What is extracellular matrix, what fibre proteins

A

Intricate mesh work of fibrous proteins
Collagen, elastin and fibronectin

29
Q

Examples of specialised cell adhesion molecules

A

desmosome, tight junction

30
Q

What is a desmosome, what it composed of?

A

Specialised cell adhesion model
Plaque, filament

31
Q

Structure of desmosome

A

Plaque (cytosol thickened on inside wall of adjacent cells), filaments (cadherins) hold cells together. Keratin often involved, it’s a intracellular intermediate cytoskeleton filament

32
Q

Membrane potential define

A

Separation of opposite charges across membrane, difference in electric potential

33
Q

3 ions in/out for everyone 2 ions in/out?

A

Every 3 sodium out, 2 potassium out

34
Q

When does dynamic equilibrium occur across membrane

A

When electrical gradient and concentration gradient balanced

35
Q

Equilibrium potential for potassium, number? What does it mean

A

-90mv
Point conc gradient matches movement of electrical gradient for potassium

36
Q

Equilibrium potential for sodium

A

+60mv
Point when conc gradient movement equals electrical gradient

37
Q

Total equilibrium potential for na and k, also know as

A

-70mv
Resting potential

38
Q

What cells are excitable cells

A

Nerve
Muscle

39
Q

Factors affecting rate of net diffusion

A

Conc gradient of substance
SA
Molecular weight
Distance

40
Q

2 types of assisted membrane transport

A

Carrier mediated transport- small size water soluble substances across membrane, specific, slow (glucose)

Vesicular transport- large water soluble molecules and multi molecular particles between ECF and ICF fast (ions)

41
Q

Does facilitated diffusion need ATP

A

No

42
Q

Primary active transport vs secondary

A

Primary ATP directly used to move molecules
Secondary energy produced from moving molecules used to move others

43
Q

2 mechanisms of secondary active transport

A

Symport (cotransport) solute moves in same direction as gradient of driving ion
Antiport (counter transport) solute moves in opposite direction to gradient of driving ions

Physiology And Pathology (3 decks)

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