Cells Flashcards
What is the function of the nucleus?
Holds Genetic information of the cell
What is the Function of the (Cell Surface) Plasma membrane?
Regulates movement of substances in and out of cells. (the receptors on it respond to chemicals)
What are the function of the plasma membrane’s receptors such as:
A = The Gatekeepers
B = The Markers
C = The Communicators
D = The Fasteners
A = Are receptors allow certain molecules through and stop others.
B = These receptors act as name badges, informing the immune system that they are part of the organism and not a foreign invader.
C = Some receptors help the cell communicate with other cells and the environment.
D = Some receptors help bind the cell to its neighbours.
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
this gel like fluid, its the medium of chemical reactions, where other organelles can operate within the cell.
What is the function of Lysosomes and peroxisomes?
Vesicles filled with enzymes, their function is: A) Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down large molecules, (old parts of the cell and foreign material) B) Peroxisomes contain enzymes that destroy toxic materials, including peroxide.
What is the function of the Cytoskeleton?
‘The scaffolding of the cell’, maintaining the cells correct shape, yet being flexible still. Playing a role in cell division, and cell motility (The ability of some cells to move, e.g. such as the sperm cell.)
- It also helps in cell signalling through its involvement in the uptake of material from outside the cell & its involvement in moving materials around within the cell.
What is the function of the Endoplasmic reticulum?
The ER processes molecules within the cell and helps transport them to their final destination; it synthesises, folds, modifiers and transport proteins.
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Practically a factory in which proteins received from the ER are further processed and sorted for transport to their eventual destinations. (I.e the post-office of the cell)
What is the function of Mitochondria?
Site of aerobic respiration where ATP is produced/energy released.
What is the function of Ribosomes?
Ribosomes read the RNA and translate it into protein by sticking together amino acids in the order defined by the RNA.
What are Stem cells?
Is a un-specialised cell that can differentiate/ specialise into an unlimited type of cells. Found in both the embryo and some adult tissue, such as bone marrow.
What are the 3 primary types of Bone cells and their functions?
Osteoclasts = Which dissolve bone.
Osteoblasts = which form new bone
Osteocytes = which are surrounded by bone and help communicate with other bone cells.
What are the 3 major types of Blood cells and their functions?
Red Blood cells = Which carry oxygen around the body
White blood cells = which are a part of the immune system
Platelets = Which help blood blot to prevent blood loss after injury.
What is the function of Myocytes (Muscle cells)?
Myocytes are important for a range of functions such as movement, support, and internal functions, such as peristalsis (The movement of food along the gut)
What are fat cells (Adipocytes)?
They contain stored fats called tryglycerides, that can be used as energy when needed. Once the tryglyercerides are used up, the fat cells shrink. Adipocytes can produce some hormones.
