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Biology Pre-vision > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What are monomers?

A

Small, basic molecular units

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2
Q

What is a polymer?

A

Molecule made of large number of molecules joined together

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3
Q

Name the 3 elements all carbohydrates contain?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen & Oxygen

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4
Q

What are the monomers in carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides (e.g.glucose, galactose)

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5
Q

What type of sugar is glucose?

A

Hexose sugar (Monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms in each molecule)

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6
Q

Name 2 types of glucose?

A

Alpha & Beta

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7
Q

In Alpha Glucose the OH is …

A

Below the plane of the ring

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8
Q

In Beta Glucose the OH is….

A

Above the plane of the ring

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9
Q

What is a condensation reaction?

A

Joining together of molecules with a chemical bond & the elimination of a water molecule (it’s released)

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10
Q

How are monosaccharides joined together?

A

By condensation reactions

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11
Q

What type of bond is formed between the 2 monosaccharides as molecules of water is released?

A

A glycosidic bond

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12
Q

What is formed when 2 monosaccharides are joined together?

A

A disaccharide (with the release of water)

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13
Q

What is lactose formed from?

A

From a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule.

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14
Q

What is Maltose formed from?

A

From 2 a-glucose molecules

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15
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

Breaking of a chemical bond between monomers using a water molecule

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16
Q

When are polysaccharides formed?

A

When more than 2 monosaccharides are joined together by condensation reactions

17
Q

a-glucose molecules are formed by what type of glycosidic bonds?

A

1,4 & 1,6 Glycosidic bonds

18
Q

Where is glycogen located in organisms?

A

Stored as small granules mainly in liver and some muscles.

19
Q

What is the purpose of glycogen?

A

Excess glucose is stored as glycogen

20
Q

Glycogen is a P….

A

Polysaccharide of a-glucose

21
Q

Describe Glycogen’s Structure

A

Short chain with lots of side branches coming off it

22
Q

Describe how Glycogen’s structure is related to its function

A
  • Loads of branches and short chain = Stored glucose can be released quickly (important for energy releases).
  • Very compact molecule, making good for storage
23
Q

Name the 2 types of sugars

A

Reducing & Non-Reducing

24
Q

Name 5 roles of lipids?

A
  1. Energy Source
  2. Flexibity in plasma membrane
  3. Protection
  4. Insulation
  5. Waterproofing
25
Q

Elaborate on lipid’s role as an energy source

A

When Oxidised, lipids = more than twice the energy per gram as carbohydrates.

26
Q

Elaborate on lipids role in the plasma membrane

A

Phospholipids contribute to flexibility of membranes & transfer of lipid soluble substances across them

27
Q

Elaborate on lipids’ role in protection

A

Stored around delicate organs

28
Q

Elaborate on lipids role on insulation

A

Fats = slow conductors of heat = help retain body heat

29
Q

Elaborate on lipids role on waterproofing

A

Lipids are insoluble in water; therefore waterproof material
- Mammals produce oil secretion glands in the skin

30
Q

Describe the structure of a triglyceride

A

one molecule of glycerol with 3 fatty acids attached to it

31
Q

What do fatty acids have?

A

Have long ‘tails’ made from hydrocarbons

32
Q

Properties in triglycerides differ due to variations in…

A

fatty acids

33
Q

What is the chemical formula for glucose?

A

C6H1206

34
Q

Describe how a triglyceride forms?

A
  1. A fatty acid joins to a glycerol molecule.
  2. When ester bond is formed = molecule of water is released - condensation reaction
  3. Process happens twice more to form a triglyceride.
35
Q

Why are triglycerides good energy storage molecules?

A

Long hydrocarbon tails of fatty acids contain lots of chemical energy = lots of energy released when they’re broken down.

Therefore they produce twice as much energy per gram as carbohydrates

36
Q

Describe how the structure of a triglyceride makes them insoluble

A
  • Triglycerides clump together as insoluble droplets in cells because fatty acid tails = hydrophobic tails face inwards = shielding themselves from the water with their glycosidic heads.

Biology Pre-vision (2 decks)

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