Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Fourth form > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What do animal cells contain

A

Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Ribosomes


How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do you plant cells contain

A

Vacuole
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does mitochondria do

A

Provide energy for the cells function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do cytoplasm do

A

Control chemical reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the nucleus do

A

Process genetic material (DNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the cell membrane do

A

Controls energy and exit of materials (semi permeable), let Only certain things in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do ribosomes do

A

Protein synthesis / create protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the cell wall do

A

Keep the cell structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do chloroplasts do

A

They do photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the vacuole do

A

It helps maintain the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is lignin

A

A strong and waterproof substance in the xylem cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many chromosomes does a human have

A

46

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the girls 23rd pair of chromosomes

A

X X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the boys 23rd pair of chromosomes

A

X Y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the stages of the cell cycle

A

Stages of mitosis
1. Growth – cell grows, increases in size and mitochondria and
ribosomes multiply.
2. DNA replicates / there are two copies of each chromosome

  1. Mitosis - The chromosome copies separate and move to oppsite ends of the cell
  2. Mitosis – The nucleus divides
  3. Mitosis – the cytoplasm and cell membrane divides to form two genetically identical daughter cells.

NB: stage 1 and 2 are cell cycle stages.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is happening during mitosis

A

The cell is dividing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sperm cells specialised for? Short explanation

A

Reproduction, long tail from swimming, many mitochondria for energy, acrosome to break through to the egg and stop other sperm from entering.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are nerve cells specialised for? Short explanation.

A

For rapid signalling, the cell is long to cover long distances and has, with branched connections to join to other nerve cells creating a network throughout the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are root hair cells specialised for? Short explanation

A

Absorbing water and minerals, large surface area to absorb more minerals and water.

20
Q

What are Phloem and xylem cells specialised for,? short explanation.

A

Transporting substances, xylem cells are hollow in the centre and phloem cells have few sub-cellular structures so stuff can flow through them.

21
Q

What is the function of a sperm cells

A

To get the male DNA to the female DNA

22
Q

What is the function of nerve cells?

A

To carry electrical signals form one side of the body to another.

23
Q

What is the function of a muscle cell?

A

To contract quickly

24
Q

What is the function of root hair cells?

A

To absorb minerals and water from soil.

25
Q

What is the function of phloem and xylem cells

A

To transport substances like water and food around plants

26
Q

What does pluri potent mean + example

A

Embryonic stem cells are PLURIPOTENT - differentiate and specialise into ANY specialised cell.

27
Q

What does multipotent mean + example

A

Adult bone marrow cells, only able to specialise into CERTAIN cells.

28
Q

Points FOR using stem cells in humans

A

Cure disease

Producing healthy replacement cells

Reduce waiting list for organ transplants

They can be used in research t find effective drugs.

29
Q

Points AGAINST using stem cells in humans

A

Risks of egg donation

Low success rate

Embryo gets destroyed

30
Q

Where are stem cells in plants

A

Meristems

31
Q

What is special about plant cells

A

They can constantly differentiate Into any specialise cell throughout there life time which animal cells cant do.

32
Q

What are some uses of stem cells?

A

To treat diseases such as diabetes and paralysis

33
Q

What are the problems with injecting stem cells into patients?

A

TISSUE REJECTION - your bodies immune system will start attacking the transplanted cells.

VIRUSES - some stem cells may contain viruses.

34
Q

Why might plants be cloned?

A

If a plant was pest resistant you would clone it

Also to maximise yield ( number of the fruit) e.g clone a tomatoe plants tat has many tomatoes

35
Q

What is Happening in the growth phase of mitosis

A

The cell grows increases in size and ribosomes and mitochondria multiply

36
Q

What happens in the synthesis phase of mitosis

A

DNA replicates there becomes two copies of each chromosome

37
Q

What is happening in mitosis (three stages)

A

One. The Kromozone copies separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

Two. The nucleus divides

Three. The cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to form two genetically identical daughter cells

38
Q

What are the stages of mitosis?

A

Stages of mitosis
1. Growth – cell grows, increases in size and mitochondria and
ribosomes multiply.
2. DNA replicates / there are two copies of each chromosome

  1. Mitosis - The chromosome copies separate and move to oppsite ends of the cell
  2. Mitosis – The nucleus divides
  3. Mitosis – the cytoplasm and cell membrane divides to form two genetically identical daughter cells.

NB: stage 1 and 2 are cell cycle stages.

39
Q

How many chromosomes in a gamete

A

23

40
Q

How many chromosomes in a human cell

A

46

41
Q

Explain the difference between differentiation in plant and animal cells

A

Plant cells use meristems and humans use stem cells

42
Q

define a gene

A

A gene is one section of genetic material on a chromosome.

43
Q

What are the differences between pro and Eucharistic cells?

A

The pro chariotic cel is smaller

Pro = no nucleus

Pro have no mitochondria

44
Q

Describe what a chromosome is?

A

A length of DNA

45
Q

Where are chromosomes found

A

In the nucleus

Biology Fourth form (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions