Cells

Question 1

State 3 differences between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell

Answer 1

Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus whereas eukaryotic cells do have a nucleus.
Prokaryotic cells have a single circular chromosome whereas eukaryotic cells have many linear chromosomes.
Prokaryotic cells have a plasmid where as eukaryotic cells have no plasmid
Prokaryotic cells have no membrane bound organelles whereas eukaryotic cells do have membrane bound organelles.

Question 2

State 3 structures a plant (eukaryotic cell) has that an animal (eukaryotic cell) does not.

Answer 2

Plant cells have chloroplasts, cell wall and a permanent vacuole whereas animal cells do not.

Question 3

Describe the 3 parts of cell theory.

Answer 3

Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.
All cells come from pre-existing cells.
All living things are made from one or more cells or from products of cells.

Question 4

State the word equation for aerobic cellular respiration

Answer 4

glucose + oxyen –> carbon dioxide + water

Question 5

Describe 3 steps required to make a wet mount slide.

Answer 5

Place a thin piece of the sample of a microscope slide to allow light to go through it.
Place a drop of water to keep the cells alive for longer.
Place a drop of stain to see organelles or chromsomes.
Use a paper towel to draw this through so there is no excess.
Put a coverslip ontop of this.

Question 6

Define the function of the nucleus

Answer 6

Contains DNA which controls cellular functions by coding for proteins

Question 7

Define the function of the mitochondrion

Answer 7

Site of aerobic cellular respiration

Question 8

Define the function of the ribosome

Answer 8

Site of protein synthesis

Question 9

Define the function of the Golgi body/apparatus

Answer 9

Final modification and packaging of proteins into secretory vesicles

Question 10

Define the function of the lysosome

Answer 10

Contains digestive enzymes for the destruction of unwanted cellular material

Question 11

Define the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

Folding and transport of polypeptides into transport vesicles

Question 12

State the word equation for photosynthesis

Answer 12

carbon dioxide + water –> oxygen and glucose (excess water, chlorophyll and light written over/under the arrow)

Question 13

State the organelles involved in the synthesis of a protein for export out of a cell, in order.

Answer 13

Nucleus, 80s ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, transport vesicle, golgi body, secretory vesicle.

Question 14

Define the function of the chloroplast

Answer 14

Site of photosynthesis

Question 15

State three pieces of evidence for the theory of endosymbiosis

Answer 15

Size, bacterial ribosomal RNA, own DNA genome, double membrane

Question 16

List the organelles that need to be included in a drawing of a prokaryotic cell.

Answer 16

Plasma membrane, mesosome, cell wall, plasmid, single circular chromosome, 70s ribosomes, cytosol

Question 17

Define the function of the plasma membrane.

Answer 17

Regulates the inputs and outputs of the cell

Question 18

Define the function of the cell wall

Answer 18

Provides structure and support for the cell

Question 19

Define the function of the cytosol

Answer 19

Fluid part of the cell where some chemical reactions occur

Question 20

Define the function of the transport vesicle

Answer 20

Transports the protein from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the golgi apparatus

Question 21

Define the function of the secretory vesicle

Answer 21

Transports the protetin out of the cell by exocytosis

Question 22

Which two organelles support the theory of endosymbiosis

Answer 22

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 23

Calculate the overall magnification of a specimen when the objective lens is set to x10 magnification

Answer 23

x10 (objective lens), x10 (ocular lens)

10 x 10 = x100 magnification

Question 24

Describe what will happen to the field of view when magnification is changed from x100 to x400

Answer 24

When magnification is increased 4x, the field of view will decrease by 4x

Question 25

List the rules for biological drawings

Answer 25

• Pencil drawing
• Plain white paper
• ½ page in size
• Include title and magnification
• Label parts of the drawing
• Draw only what you see
• No shading/colouring
• Use a ruler for labels with no arrowheads

Question 26

Define mitosis

Answer 26

•Mitosis is the process by which the nucleus of a somatic cell replicates or divides.

Question 27

Describe what occurs during prophase

Answer 27

• Chromosomes condense and become visible
• Nuclear membrane disappears

Question 28

Describe what occurs during metaphase

Answer 28

• Chromosomes align along the equator of the cell
• Spindle fibres attach to the centromeres of chromosome

Question 29

Describe what occurs during anaphase

Answer 29

•Sister chromatids pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibres

Question 30

Describe what occurs during telophase

Answer 30

• 2 new nuclear membranes form
• Cleavage of plasma membrane occurs (animal cells)

OR

• a cell plate begins to form which becomes the new cell wall (plant cells)