Cells

Question 1

What is the size of a cell?

Answer 1

~10 micrometers across

Question 2

Why is a cell so small?

Answer 2

Limited by the reliance on diffusion

Question 3

What function does the size of a cell serve?

Answer 3

Smaller SA:V ratio causes efficiency

Question 4

What shape can cells be?

Answer 4

Long and narrow

Question 5

Plasma Membrane

Answer 5

Phospholipid bilayer surrounding rest of cell, which provides protection and includes proteins

Question 6

What does the protein do in the plasma membrane?

Answer 6

Proteins in membrane control what enters and exits the cell

Question 7

Cytoplasm

Answer 7

The cytoplasm is made up of cytosol (jelly) and holds organelles

Question 8

What are the five cytoplasmic organelles?

Answer 8

1. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
2. Vesicle
3. Golgi apparatus
4. Lysosomes
5. Mitochondria

Question 9

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function

Answer 9

Makes products

Question 10

Vesicle

Answer 10

Transports materials (vehicle)

Question 11

Golgi apparatus

Answer 11

Packages products from the ER and sends them to destination

Question 12

Lysosomes

Answer 12

Breaks down material (Lysol wipes)

Question 13

Mitochondria

Answer 13

The powerhouse of the cell

Question 14

Cytoskeleton

Answer 14

rod-like proteins in the cell providing support and movement (Like a skeleton)

Question 15

What are the structures of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 15

1. Microtubules
2. Intermediate Filaments
3. Microfilaments
   (MIM)

Question 16

What are the functions of the cytoskeleton structures?

Answer 16

1. Microtubules = Trackway for transport of materials to and from the center of the cell (micro-train)
2. Intermediate Filaments = prevent a cell from being torn apart by tension (pulling) forces (Medium pain from guy tied to two horses RIP)
3. Microfilaments = mainly consists of actin, which interacts with myosin to produce changes in cell shape

Question 17

Nucleus

Answer 17

The control center of the cell

Question 18

Is the nucleus an organelle?

Answer 18

No

Question 19

What are the three Specialized cell contacts (cell junctions)?

Answer 19

1. Tight Junctions
2. Desmosomes
3. Gap Junctions

Question 20

What are the functions of the cell junctions?

Answer 20

1. Tight Junctions = Prevent diffusion across tissue through extracellular space (Keeps it together)
2. Desmosomes = Anchors adjacent cells together (Bolts)
3. Gap Junctions = Passageway from one cell to another (ZuZu pets)