Cells Flashcards
Name of the four stages of mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
anaphase
telophase
What are the necessary conditions for a complete cell
Plasma membrane
cytoplasm
genetic material
ribosome
State the modern cell theory
Cell is the basic unit of life
All cells arise from pre-existing cells
All organisms comprised of cells and products of cells
The cell was first observed by
Anton von Leeuwenhoek
The cell theory was modified by
Rudolph virchow
What is the smallest size of a cell
Mycoplasma which is 0.3 µm in size
What is the largest isolated cell
Ostrich egg
What was the first theory about the cell membrane
Daniel and Dawson theory which stated that the cell membrane was made of three layers
State the unit membrane in theory
All bio membranes are same in structure and function
What is the most excepted model of cell membrane
Singer and Nicholson model of 1972
State the singer and Nicholson model
The Quasi fluid nature of the membrane bilayered allows the lateral movement of proteins along the overall bilayer this movement can be measured in terms of its fluidity
What is the function of cholesterol
It provides stability and rigidity
What is the ratio of proteins and lipids in the human erythrocyte
52% and 40%
What are the two components which helps in cell to cell recognition
Glycolipids And glycoproteins
Name the five major functions of the cell membrane
Endocytosis cell division cell growth formation of intercellular junctions secretion
What is the main component of glycolipids and glycoproteins which help in cell recognition
Oligosaccharides
Name the two types of proteins
Extrinsic and intrinsic proteins
Name the functions of the cell wall
Gives shape and protection to the cell against macromolecules
What are the components of an algal cell wall
Cellulose
minerals like calcium carbonate
gallactans and mannans
What are the components of the plant cell wall
Cellulose Hemicellulose Pectins Lignin Suberin Proteins
What are the major components of the middle lamella
Calcium and magnesium pectate
What is the middle lamella
The connection between neighboring cells
Who discovered the nucleus
Robert brown
Name the German botanist who observed plant cells
Matthias Schleiden
Cells having a membrane bound nucleus is called
Eukaryotes
Luther names for nucleoids
Genophore
The main arena for cellular activities
Cytoplasm
The ribosomes are found on
RER
mitochondria
Chloroplast
Non membrane bound cell organelles that cell help in cell division in animals
Centrosomes
What is a polysome
Several single ribosomes may attach to an mRNA to form polysomes or polyribosomes
Name the organisms in which gas vacuoles are present
Blue green and purple and green photosynthetic bacteria
Which type of ER is involved in the synthesis of proteins and steroidal hormones in animals
SER
The type of ER which is in continuity with the outer membrane of the nucleus
RER
The principle function of the Golgi apparatus
Packaging materials to be delivered outside the cell and to intra cellular targets
Golgi is the important site for the production of
Glycolipids and glycoproteins
The lysosomes are non membrane bound true or false
False
Name the hydrologic enzymes present in lysosomes
Proteases carbohydrases lipases
At what pH level is the lysosomes active
5
The membrane of the vacuole
Tonoplast
Contractile vacuole in amoeba helps in
Osmoregulation and excretion
The number of mitochondria depends on
Physiological acts of the cell
Inner compartment of mitochondria is filled with
Matrix
The mitochondria possesses what form of DNA and ribosomes
70s and single circular
Chloroplasts contain what pigments
Chlorophyll and xanthophylls
Chromoplasts contain what pigments
Fat soluble carotenoid pigments like carotene xanthophylls
Majority of the chloroplasts are found I. The
Mesophyll
Type of dna and ribosomes in chloroplasts
70s and ds circular dna
Palade particles are
Ribosomes
Central tubules are connected by
Bridges
The basal body of flagella and cilia is
Blepheroplast
Components of chromosomes
Dna rna histone and non histone
How long is the dna in each cell
Two meters
Secondary cell wall is absent in
Meristem cells
Nucleus is absent in
Erythrocytes and phloem sieve tubes
What is the component which helps to maintain continuity of the cytoplasm
Er tubules or desmotubules
Ribophorin is present in
RER
RER is composed of tubules vesicles or cisternas?
Cisternas
Ser is composed of
Tubules
Name the highly polymorphic organelle of the cell
Lysosome
Name the four types of lysosomes
Primary digestive residual autophagic
The digestion of foreign material is received by the cel is called
Heterophagy
What helps in the digestion of the tail of the tadpole
Cathepsin
The stain used to study The mitochondria
Janus green B
The formation of ATP by energy of oxidation
Oxidative phosphorylation
What are the elementary particles present in the mitochondria who named them
F1 and F0 particles named by Fernandes Moran
The pigment which gives the red color to tomato
Lycopene
A photo synthetic functional unit is termed as
Quantasome
Origin of chloroplast
Endo symbiotic origin
The protein present in microtubules
Tubulin
Pro Tien present in microfilaments
Actin helps in muscle contraction
Name the two types of micro bodies
Uricosomes and glyoxysomes
The Gly-Oxisomes are only present in
Fatty seeds
Peroxisome‘s contain an enzyme which helps in the degradation of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen what is this inside
Catalase
The genetically. More active type of chromatin
Euchromatin which is lightly stained
Inner side of inner nuclear membrane is bound by
Nuclear lamina made of lamin protein
Nuclear pore is guarded by octogonal discoid like structures called
Nucleoplasmin protein
NOR is primary/or secondary constriction
Secondary
What is the function of Tellomere
prevents fusion of one chromosome to another
Guanine base formula
5’-TTAGGG-3’
Definition of cell cycle
The sequence of events in which a Acel duplicates it’s genome, copies all the other constituents of the cell and creates new daughter cells is called cell cycle
During G1 phase what happens
Cell remains metabolically active and copying of RNA proteins amino acids
During S phase what happens
Dna synthesis
When does the centriole divide
S phase
In what way does the animal cell divide
Centripetal or centrifugal
Centripetal
Cytoplasmic dna can be divided in any stage true or false
True
Which protein is synthesized during in the s phase
Histone
Which protein is synthesized during the g2 phase
Tubulin
Describe the sequence of events that took place during prophase
Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes
Centrosomes radiate it microtubules called Asters. the Asters along with spindle fibers make up mitotic apparatus
During this stage of mitosis Is the morphology of chromosomes studied
Metaphase
During which stage is the shape of the chromosomes studied
Anaphase
In which stage is synaptonemal complex formed
Zygotene
Re combination nodules occur in
Pachytene
The enzyme used for recombination nodules
Recombinase
Chiasmata dissolves during
Diplómeme
Carbohydrates in cell membrane
Carbohydrates are hexose, hexosamine, glycolipids, glycoproteins, fructose, dialícele acid
Lipids in cell membrane
Lipids are lecithin, cholesterol,cephalin
The enzyme found in the matrix of chloroplast is
Rubisco
Protein found in microtubules is
alpha and beta tubulin
Proteins found in microfilaments
Actin
Microfilaments help in
Contraction of muscles
