Cells

Question 1

Name of the four stages of mitosis

Answer 1

Prophase
Metaphase
anaphase
telophase

Question 2

What are the necessary conditions for a complete cell

Answer 2

Plasma membrane
cytoplasm
genetic material
ribosome

Question 3

State the modern cell theory

Answer 3

Cell is the basic unit of life
All cells arise from pre-existing cells
All organisms comprised of cells and products of cells

Question 4

The cell was first observed by

Answer 4

Anton von Leeuwenhoek

Question 5

The cell theory was modified by

Answer 5

Rudolph virchow

Question 6

What is the smallest size of a cell

Answer 6

Mycoplasma which is 0.3 µm in size

Question 7

What is the largest isolated cell

Answer 7

Ostrich egg

Question 8

What was the first theory about the cell membrane

Answer 8

Daniel and Dawson theory which stated that the cell membrane was made of three layers

Question 9

State the unit membrane in theory

Answer 9

All bio membranes are same in structure and function

Question 10

What is the most excepted model of cell membrane

Answer 10

Singer and Nicholson model of 1972

Question 11

State the singer and Nicholson model

Answer 11

The Quasi fluid nature of the membrane bilayered allows the lateral movement of proteins along the overall bilayer this movement can be measured in terms of its fluidity

Question 12

What is the function of cholesterol

Answer 12

It provides stability and rigidity

Question 13

What is the ratio of proteins and lipids in the human erythrocyte

Answer 13

52% and 40%

Question 14

What are the two components which helps in cell to cell recognition

Answer 14

Glycolipids And glycoproteins

Question 15

Name the five major functions of the cell membrane

Answer 15

Endocytosis 
cell division 
cell growth 
formation of intercellular junctions 
secretion

Question 16

What is the main component of glycolipids and glycoproteins which help in cell recognition

Answer 16

Oligosaccharides

Question 17

Name the two types of proteins

Answer 17

Extrinsic and intrinsic proteins

Question 18

Name the functions of the cell wall

Answer 18

Gives shape and protection to the cell against macromolecules

Question 19

What are the components of an algal cell wall

Answer 19

Cellulose
minerals like calcium carbonate
gallactans and mannans

Question 20

What are the components of the plant cell wall

Answer 20

Cellulose 
Hemicellulose
Pectins
Lignin
Suberin
Proteins

Question 21

What are the major components of the middle lamella

Answer 21

Calcium and magnesium pectate

Question 22

What is the middle lamella

Answer 22

The connection between neighboring cells

Question 23

Who discovered the nucleus

Answer 23

Robert brown

Question 24

Name the German botanist who observed plant cells

Answer 24

Matthias Schleiden

Question 25

Cells having a membrane bound nucleus is called

Answer 25

Eukaryotes

Question 26

Luther names for nucleoids

Answer 26

Genophore

Question 27

The main arena for cellular activities

Answer 27

Cytoplasm

Question 28

The ribosomes are found on

Answer 28

RER mitochondria Chloroplast

Question 29

Non membrane bound cell organelles that cell help in cell division in animals

Answer 29

Centrosomes

Question 30

What is a polysome

Answer 30

Several single ribosomes may attach to an mRNA to form polysomes or polyribosomes

Question 31

Name the organisms in which gas vacuoles are present

Answer 31

Blue green and purple and green photosynthetic bacteria

Question 32

Which type of ER is involved in the synthesis of proteins and steroidal hormones in animals

Answer 32

SER

Question 33

The type of ER which is in continuity with the outer membrane of the nucleus

Answer 33

RER

Question 34

The principle function of the Golgi apparatus

Answer 34

Packaging materials to be delivered outside the cell and to intra cellular targets

Question 35

Golgi is the important site for the production of

Answer 35

Glycolipids and glycoproteins

Question 36

The lysosomes are non membrane bound true or false

Answer 36

False

Question 37

Name the hydrologic enzymes present in lysosomes

Answer 37

Proteases carbohydrases lipases

Question 38

At what pH level is the lysosomes active

Answer 38

5

Question 39

The membrane of the vacuole

Answer 39

Tonoplast

Question 40

Contractile vacuole in amoeba helps in

Answer 40

Osmoregulation and excretion

Question 41

The number of mitochondria depends on

Answer 41

Physiological acts of the cell

Question 42

Inner compartment of mitochondria is filled with

Answer 42

Matrix

Question 43

The mitochondria possesses what form of DNA and ribosomes

Answer 43

70s and single circular

Question 44

Chloroplasts contain what pigments

Answer 44

Chlorophyll and xanthophylls

Question 45

Chromoplasts contain what pigments

Answer 45

Fat soluble carotenoid pigments like carotene xanthophylls

Question 46

Majority of the chloroplasts are found I. The

Answer 46

Mesophyll

Question 47

Type of dna and ribosomes in chloroplasts

Answer 47

70s and ds circular dna

Question 48

Palade particles are

Answer 48

Ribosomes

Question 49

Central tubules are connected by

Answer 49

Bridges

Question 50

The basal body of flagella and cilia is

Answer 50

Blepheroplast

Question 51

Components of chromosomes

Answer 51

Dna rna histone and non histone

Question 52

How long is the dna in each cell

Answer 52

Two meters

Question 53

Secondary cell wall is absent in

Answer 53

Meristem cells

Question 54

Nucleus is absent in

Answer 54

Erythrocytes and phloem sieve tubes

Question 55

What is the component which helps to maintain continuity of the cytoplasm

Answer 55

Er tubules or desmotubules

Question 56

Ribophorin is present in

Answer 56

RER

Question 57

RER is composed of tubules vesicles or cisternas?

Answer 57

Cisternas

Question 58

Ser is composed of

Answer 58

Tubules

Question 59

Name the highly polymorphic organelle of the cell

Answer 59

Lysosome

Question 60

Name the four types of lysosomes

Answer 60

Primary digestive residual autophagic

Question 61

The digestion of foreign material is received by the cel is called

Answer 61

Heterophagy

Question 62

What helps in the digestion of the tail of the tadpole

Answer 62

Cathepsin

Question 63

The stain used to study The mitochondria

Answer 63

Janus green B

Question 64

The formation of ATP by energy of oxidation

Answer 64

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 65

What are the elementary particles present in the mitochondria who named them

Answer 65

F1 and F0 particles named by Fernandes Moran

Question 66

The pigment which gives the red color to tomato

Answer 66

Lycopene

Question 67

A photo synthetic functional unit is termed as

Answer 67

Quantasome

Question 68

Origin of chloroplast

Answer 68

Endo symbiotic origin

Question 69

The protein present in microtubules

Answer 69

Tubulin

Question 70

Pro Tien present in microfilaments

Answer 70

Actin helps in muscle contraction

Question 71

Name the two types of micro bodies

Answer 71

Uricosomes and glyoxysomes

Question 72

The Gly-Oxisomes are only present in

Answer 72

Fatty seeds

Question 73

Peroxisome‘s contain an enzyme which helps in the degradation of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen what is this inside

Answer 73

Catalase

Question 74

The genetically. More active type of chromatin

Answer 74

Euchromatin which is lightly stained

Question 75

Inner side of inner nuclear membrane is bound by

Answer 75

Nuclear lamina made of lamin protein

Question 76

Nuclear pore is guarded by octogonal discoid like structures called

Answer 76

Nucleoplasmin protein

Question 77

NOR is primary/or secondary constriction

Answer 77

Secondary

Question 78

What is the function of Tellomere

Answer 78

prevents fusion of one chromosome to another

Question 79

Guanine base formula

Answer 79

5’-TTAGGG-3’

Question 80

Definition of cell cycle

Answer 80

The sequence of events in which a Acel duplicates it’s genome, copies all the other constituents of the cell and creates new daughter cells is called cell cycle

Question 81

During G1 phase what happens

Answer 81

Cell remains metabolically active and copying of RNA proteins amino acids

Question 82

During S phase what happens

Answer 82

Dna synthesis

Question 83

When does the centriole divide

Answer 83

S phase

Question 84

In what way does the animal cell divide | Centripetal or centrifugal

Answer 84

Centripetal

Question 85

Cytoplasmic dna can be divided in any stage true or false

Answer 85

True

Question 86

Which protein is synthesized during in the s phase

Answer 86

Histone

Question 87

Which protein is synthesized during the g2 phase

Answer 87

Tubulin

Question 88

Describe the sequence of events that took place during prophase

Answer 88

Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes | Centrosomes radiate it microtubules called Asters. the Asters along with spindle fibers make up mitotic apparatus

Question 89

During this stage of mitosis Is the morphology of chromosomes studied

Answer 89

Metaphase

Question 90

During which stage is the shape of the chromosomes studied

Answer 90

Anaphase

Question 91

In which stage is synaptonemal complex formed

Answer 91

Zygotene

Question 92

Re combination nodules occur in

Answer 92

Pachytene

Question 93

The enzyme used for recombination nodules

Answer 93

Recombinase

Question 94

Chiasmata dissolves during

Answer 94

Diplómeme

Question 95

Carbohydrates in cell membrane

Answer 95

Carbohydrates are hexose, hexosamine, glycolipids, glycoproteins, fructose, dialícele acid

Question 96

Lipids in cell membrane

Answer 96

Lipids are lecithin, cholesterol,cephalin

Question 97

The enzyme found in the matrix of chloroplast is

Answer 97

Rubisco

Question 98

Protein found in microtubules is

Answer 98

alpha and beta tubulin

Question 99

Proteins found in microfilaments

Answer 99

Actin

Question 100

Microfilaments help in

Answer 100

Contraction of muscles