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Zoology Class 11 > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Name of the four stages of mitosis

A

Prophase
Metaphase
anaphase
telophase

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2
Q

What are the necessary conditions for a complete cell

A

Plasma membrane
cytoplasm
genetic material
ribosome

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3
Q

State the modern cell theory

A

Cell is the basic unit of life
All cells arise from pre-existing cells
All organisms comprised of cells and products of cells

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4
Q

The cell was first observed by

A

Anton von Leeuwenhoek

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5
Q

The cell theory was modified by

A

Rudolph virchow

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6
Q

What is the smallest size of a cell

A

Mycoplasma which is 0.3 µm in size

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7
Q

What is the largest isolated cell

A

Ostrich egg

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8
Q

What was the first theory about the cell membrane

A

Daniel and Dawson theory which stated that the cell membrane was made of three layers

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9
Q

State the unit membrane in theory

A

All bio membranes are same in structure and function

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10
Q

What is the most excepted model of cell membrane

A

Singer and Nicholson model of 1972

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11
Q

State the singer and Nicholson model

A

The Quasi fluid nature of the membrane bilayered allows the lateral movement of proteins along the overall bilayer this movement can be measured in terms of its fluidity

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12
Q

What is the function of cholesterol

A

It provides stability and rigidity

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13
Q

What is the ratio of proteins and lipids in the human erythrocyte

A

52% and 40%

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14
Q

What are the two components which helps in cell to cell recognition

A

Glycolipids And glycoproteins

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15
Q

Name the five major functions of the cell membrane

A 
Endocytosis 
cell division 
cell growth 
formation of intercellular junctions 
secretion
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16
Q

What is the main component of glycolipids and glycoproteins which help in cell recognition

A

Oligosaccharides

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17
Q

Name the two types of proteins

A

Extrinsic and intrinsic proteins

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18
Q

Name the functions of the cell wall

A

Gives shape and protection to the cell against macromolecules

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19
Q

What are the components of an algal cell wall

A

Cellulose
minerals like calcium carbonate
gallactans and mannans

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20
Q

What are the components of the plant cell wall

A 
Cellulose 
Hemicellulose
Pectins
Lignin
Suberin
Proteins
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21
Q

What are the major components of the middle lamella

A

Calcium and magnesium pectate

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22
Q

What is the middle lamella

A

The connection between neighboring cells

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23
Q

Who discovered the nucleus

A

Robert brown

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24
Q

Name the German botanist who observed plant cells

A

Matthias Schleiden

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25
Q

Cells having a membrane bound nucleus is called

A

Eukaryotes

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26
Q

Luther names for nucleoids

A

Genophore

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27
Q

The main arena for cellular activities

A

Cytoplasm

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28
Q

The ribosomes are found on

A

RER
mitochondria
Chloroplast

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29
Q

Non membrane bound cell organelles that cell help in cell division in animals

A

Centrosomes

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30
Q

What is a polysome

A

Several single ribosomes may attach to an mRNA to form polysomes or polyribosomes

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31
Q

Name the organisms in which gas vacuoles are present

A

Blue green and purple and green photosynthetic bacteria

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32
Q

Which type of ER is involved in the synthesis of proteins and steroidal hormones in animals

A

SER

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33
Q

The type of ER which is in continuity with the outer membrane of the nucleus

A

RER

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34
Q

The principle function of the Golgi apparatus

A

Packaging materials to be delivered outside the cell and to intra cellular targets

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35
Q

Golgi is the important site for the production of

A

Glycolipids and glycoproteins

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36
Q

The lysosomes are non membrane bound true or false

A

False

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37
Q

Name the hydrologic enzymes present in lysosomes

A

Proteases carbohydrases lipases

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38
Q

At what pH level is the lysosomes active

A

5

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39
Q

The membrane of the vacuole

A

Tonoplast

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40
Q

Contractile vacuole in amoeba helps in

A

Osmoregulation and excretion

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41
Q

The number of mitochondria depends on

A

Physiological acts of the cell

42
Q

Inner compartment of mitochondria is filled with

A

Matrix

43
Q

The mitochondria possesses what form of DNA and ribosomes

A

70s and single circular

44
Q

Chloroplasts contain what pigments

A

Chlorophyll and xanthophylls

45
Q

Chromoplasts contain what pigments

A

Fat soluble carotenoid pigments like carotene xanthophylls

46
Q

Majority of the chloroplasts are found I. The

A

Mesophyll

47
Q

Type of dna and ribosomes in chloroplasts

A

70s and ds circular dna

48
Q

Palade particles are

A

Ribosomes

49
Q

Central tubules are connected by

A

Bridges

50
Q

The basal body of flagella and cilia is

A

Blepheroplast

51
Q

Components of chromosomes

A

Dna rna histone and non histone

52
Q

How long is the dna in each cell

A

Two meters

53
Q

Secondary cell wall is absent in

A

Meristem cells

54
Q

Nucleus is absent in

A

Erythrocytes and phloem sieve tubes

55
Q

What is the component which helps to maintain continuity of the cytoplasm

A

Er tubules or desmotubules

56
Q

Ribophorin is present in

A

RER

57
Q

RER is composed of tubules vesicles or cisternas?

A

Cisternas

58
Q

Ser is composed of

A

Tubules

59
Q

Name the highly polymorphic organelle of the cell

A

Lysosome

60
Q

Name the four types of lysosomes

A

Primary digestive residual autophagic

61
Q

The digestion of foreign material is received by the cel is called

A

Heterophagy

62
Q

What helps in the digestion of the tail of the tadpole

A

Cathepsin

63
Q

The stain used to study The mitochondria

A

Janus green B

64
Q

The formation of ATP by energy of oxidation

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

65
Q

What are the elementary particles present in the mitochondria who named them

A

F1 and F0 particles named by Fernandes Moran

66
Q

The pigment which gives the red color to tomato

A

Lycopene

67
Q

A photo synthetic functional unit is termed as

A

Quantasome

68
Q

Origin of chloroplast

A

Endo symbiotic origin

69
Q

The protein present in microtubules

A

Tubulin

70
Q

Pro Tien present in microfilaments

A

Actin helps in muscle contraction

71
Q

Name the two types of micro bodies

A

Uricosomes and glyoxysomes

72
Q

The Gly-Oxisomes are only present in

A

Fatty seeds

73
Q

Peroxisome‘s contain an enzyme which helps in the degradation of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen what is this inside

A

Catalase

74
Q

The genetically. More active type of chromatin

A

Euchromatin which is lightly stained

75
Q

Inner side of inner nuclear membrane is bound by

A

Nuclear lamina made of lamin protein

76
Q

Nuclear pore is guarded by octogonal discoid like structures called

A

Nucleoplasmin protein

77
Q

NOR is primary/or secondary constriction

A

Secondary

78
Q

What is the function of Tellomere

A

prevents fusion of one chromosome to another

79
Q

Guanine base formula

A

5’-TTAGGG-3’

80
Q

Definition of cell cycle

A

The sequence of events in which a Acel duplicates it’s genome, copies all the other constituents of the cell and creates new daughter cells is called cell cycle

81
Q

During G1 phase what happens

A

Cell remains metabolically active and copying of RNA proteins amino acids

82
Q

During S phase what happens

A

Dna synthesis

83
Q

When does the centriole divide

A

S phase

84
Q

In what way does the animal cell divide

Centripetal or centrifugal

A

Centripetal

85
Q

Cytoplasmic dna can be divided in any stage true or false

A

True

86
Q

Which protein is synthesized during in the s phase

A

Histone

87
Q

Which protein is synthesized during the g2 phase

A

Tubulin

88
Q

Describe the sequence of events that took place during prophase

A

Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes

Centrosomes radiate it microtubules called Asters. the Asters along with spindle fibers make up mitotic apparatus

89
Q

During this stage of mitosis Is the morphology of chromosomes studied

A

Metaphase

90
Q

During which stage is the shape of the chromosomes studied

A

Anaphase

91
Q

In which stage is synaptonemal complex formed

A

Zygotene

92
Q

Re combination nodules occur in

A

Pachytene

93
Q

The enzyme used for recombination nodules

A

Recombinase

94
Q

Chiasmata dissolves during

A

Diplómeme

95
Q

Carbohydrates in cell membrane

A

Carbohydrates are hexose, hexosamine, glycolipids, glycoproteins, fructose, dialícele acid

96
Q

Lipids in cell membrane

A

Lipids are lecithin, cholesterol,cephalin

97
Q

The enzyme found in the matrix of chloroplast is

A

Rubisco

98
Q

Protein found in microtubules is

A

alpha and beta tubulin

99
Q

Proteins found in microfilaments

A

Actin

100
Q

Microfilaments help in

A

Contraction of muscles

Zoology Class 11 (3 decks)

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