breathing Flashcards
What is the common passage for food and air
Pharynx
The thin flap which prevents food from entering into the windpipe
Epiglottis
Lower invertebrates like sponges or coelenterates use
Simple diffusion.
Fish use
Gills
terrestrial organisms use
Lungs
Aquatic arthropods and molluscs use
Gills
Insects breathe through
trachea
earthworms breathe through
Skin or cuticle
a cartilaginous box which helps in sound
production and hence called the soundbox.
larynx
We have two lungs which are covered by
Double layered pleura
Conducting part is from…… to………..
External nostrils to terminal bronchioles
alveoli and their ducts form the
respiratory or exchange part
The thoracic chamber is formed by
dorsally by the vertebral column,
ventrally by the sternum,
laterally by the ribs and
on the lower side by the dome-shaped diaphragm.
the breast bone is also called
Sternum
Inspiratory volume is around
2500-3000 ml
What helps in bringing the pressure gradient
intercostal muscles and diaphragm
Expiratory Reserve volume is around
1000ml- 1100ml
Define tidal volume
the volume of air inspired or expired during normal respiration. approx 6000-8000 ml per min.
The volume of air involved in breathing movements can be estimated by
spirometer
Define residual volume
The volume of air residing in the lungs after a forceful respiration. approx. 1100-1200 ml
inspiratory capacity is
The volume of air a person can inspire after a normal expiration. it is IRV+TV
Functional residual capacity is
The total volume of air present in the lungs at the end of a normal expiration. RV+ERV
Vital capacity is
The additional volume of air that can be inspired after forced expiration. IRv+ERV+TV
Total lung capacity
The total volume of air that can be accommodated in the lungs after a forced inspiration. VC+ RV
The primary site where the exchange of gases takes place
Alveoli
The three layers of the alveoli are
squamous epithelium, endothelium, basement membrane.
