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Biology, Unit 1 > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two types of cells?

A

Prokaryotic + Eukaryotic

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2
Q

What does purpose does the cell membrane serve?

A

Separates the inside of the cell from the outside

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3
Q

What does purpose does the cytoplasm serve?

A

Consists of cytogel and the organelles in eukaryotic cells

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4
Q

What purpose does DNA serve?

A

Carries hereditary information, directs cell activities and is passed on from one generation to another

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5
Q

What purpose do ribosomes serve?

A

Synthesizes proteins

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6
Q

What is the total magnification of a microscopic lens, if its on x4 and the default lens if x10

A

x40

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7
Q

What is the formula to find the object size of a material under a microscope?

A

Object size = DFOV (in um)/ number of times object fits across field of view.

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8
Q

How to calculate DFOV (Diameter field of view) of a microscope?

A

DFOV = DFOV#1 * magnification#1 / magnification#2

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9
Q

What are some of the elements of a prokaryotic cell?

A

Small, Large SA:V ratio, Lack membrane-bound organelles, Scattered ribosomes, DNA is singular and circular (Called a genophore)

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10
Q

What are some of the elements of a eukaryotic cell?

A

Large and more complex, Membrane bound nucleus and organelles.

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11
Q

Where are cell walls found?

A

Plant and bacterial cells

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12
Q

What purpose does the nucleus serve?

A

Contains the DNA of the cell (Control centre of the cell)

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13
Q

What are the two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

Smooth ER, Rough ER

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14
Q

What purpose does the Smooth ER serve?

A

Makes phospholipids, and packages protein into vesicles. (Doesn’t contain ribosomes)

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15
Q

What purpose does the Rough ER serve?

A

It is where proteins are made and processed (Contains ribosomes)

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16
Q

What purpose does ribosomes serve?

A

They are found on the rough ER and make proteins

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17
Q

What purpose does the golgi apparatus serve?

A

Store’s, modifies and packages proteins.

18
Q

What purpose does the vacuoles serve?

A

Storage container for water, food, enzymes, waste, pigments etc.

19
Q

Where is the large central vacuole?

A

In plant cells

20
Q

Where are many smaller vacuoles found?

A

In animal cells

21
Q

What purpose do mitochondria serve?

A

Cellular respiration occurs here (Releases energy from food molecules), (Creates ATP, a molecule that acts as a battery)

22
Q

What purpose does the chloroplast serve?

A

Site of glucose production (Through photosynthesis)

23
Q

What purpose does the cytoskeleton serve?

A

A network of microfilaments and microtubules that extend from the nucleus to the cell membrane, to give the cell its shape.

24
Q

What purpose do centrioles serve?

A

Aid in cell division (Only found in animal cells)

25
Q

What purpose do lysosomes serve?

A

Contains digestive enzymes that break down waste (Garbage disposal)

26
Q

What is the phospholipid bilayer?

A

It is the basic structure of the cell membrane (It consists of a water-philic head and watre-phobic tail.

27
Q

What purpose does cholesterol serve in the cell membrane?

A

Stabilises the membrane, reduces permeability and buffer against changing temperatures

28
Q

What are the three types of proteins involved in the cell membrane?

A

Integral proteins, peripheral proteins, transmembrane proteins

29
Q

What purpose do integral proteins serve in the cell membrane?

A

Transport molecules through membrane, Involved in signal transduction, cell to cell recognition, connect cells to one another

30
Q

What purpose do peripheral proteins serve in the cell membrane?

A

Bing to integral proteins, act as attachments to the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix - helps with support

31
Q

What purpose do transmembrane proteins serve in the cell membrane?

A

Integral proteins that span both phospholipid bilayers

32
Q

What purpose do carbohydrates serve in the cell membrane?

A

Recognize anti-bodies, hormones and viruses, aid in cell adhesion (Forming tissue)

33
Q

What are the 3 transport process that can occur in a cell?

A

Passive transport, active transport, facilitated diffusion

34
Q

What is passive transport?

A

Substances move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration (No energy required)

35
Q

What is active transport?

A

Substances move from areas of low concentrations to areas of high concentrations (Energy required)

36
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

Substances move from areas of

37
Q

What are the 3 Osmotic imbalances?

A

Isotonic, Hypotonic, Hypertonic

38
Q

What is an isotonic imbalance?

A

When the cells have the same concentration of solutes and water flow is balanced between the cell and surroundings

39
Q

What is a hypotonic imbalance?

A

Surrounding solution has a lower solute concentration than the inside of the cell and surroundings

40
Q

What is hypertonic imbalance?

A

A surrounding solution that has a greater concentration of solutes than the cells cytoplasm. Cells will lose water a surrounding solution.

Biology, Unit 1 (18 decks)

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