Cells Flashcards
What are the two types of cells?
Prokaryotic + Eukaryotic
What does purpose does the cell membrane serve?
Separates the inside of the cell from the outside
What does purpose does the cytoplasm serve?
Consists of cytogel and the organelles in eukaryotic cells
What purpose does DNA serve?
Carries hereditary information, directs cell activities and is passed on from one generation to another
What purpose do ribosomes serve?
Synthesizes proteins
What is the total magnification of a microscopic lens, if its on x4 and the default lens if x10
x40
What is the formula to find the object size of a material under a microscope?
Object size = DFOV (in um)/ number of times object fits across field of view.
How to calculate DFOV (Diameter field of view) of a microscope?
DFOV = DFOV#1 * magnification#1 / magnification#2
What are some of the elements of a prokaryotic cell?
Small, Large SA:V ratio, Lack membrane-bound organelles, Scattered ribosomes, DNA is singular and circular (Called a genophore)
What are some of the elements of a eukaryotic cell?
Large and more complex, Membrane bound nucleus and organelles.
Where are cell walls found?
Plant and bacterial cells
What purpose does the nucleus serve?
Contains the DNA of the cell (Control centre of the cell)
What are the two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Smooth ER, Rough ER
What purpose does the Smooth ER serve?
Makes phospholipids, and packages protein into vesicles. (Doesn’t contain ribosomes)
What purpose does the Rough ER serve?
It is where proteins are made and processed (Contains ribosomes)
What purpose does ribosomes serve?
They are found on the rough ER and make proteins
What purpose does the golgi apparatus serve?
Store’s, modifies and packages proteins.
What purpose does the vacuoles serve?
Storage container for water, food, enzymes, waste, pigments etc.
Where is the large central vacuole?
In plant cells
Where are many smaller vacuoles found?
In animal cells
What purpose do mitochondria serve?
Cellular respiration occurs here (Releases energy from food molecules), (Creates ATP, a molecule that acts as a battery)
What purpose does the chloroplast serve?
Site of glucose production (Through photosynthesis)
What purpose does the cytoskeleton serve?
A network of microfilaments and microtubules that extend from the nucleus to the cell membrane, to give the cell its shape.
What purpose do centrioles serve?
Aid in cell division (Only found in animal cells)
What purpose do lysosomes serve?
Contains digestive enzymes that break down waste (Garbage disposal)
What is the phospholipid bilayer?
It is the basic structure of the cell membrane (It consists of a water-philic head and watre-phobic tail.
What purpose does cholesterol serve in the cell membrane?
Stabilises the membrane, reduces permeability and buffer against changing temperatures
What are the three types of proteins involved in the cell membrane?
Integral proteins, peripheral proteins, transmembrane proteins
What purpose do integral proteins serve in the cell membrane?
Transport molecules through membrane, Involved in signal transduction, cell to cell recognition, connect cells to one another
What purpose do peripheral proteins serve in the cell membrane?
Bing to integral proteins, act as attachments to the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix - helps with support
What purpose do transmembrane proteins serve in the cell membrane?
Integral proteins that span both phospholipid bilayers
What purpose do carbohydrates serve in the cell membrane?
Recognize anti-bodies, hormones and viruses, aid in cell adhesion (Forming tissue)
What are the 3 transport process that can occur in a cell?
Passive transport, active transport, facilitated diffusion
What is passive transport?
Substances move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration (No energy required)
What is active transport?
Substances move from areas of low concentrations to areas of high concentrations (Energy required)
What is facilitated diffusion?
Substances move from areas of
What are the 3 Osmotic imbalances?
Isotonic, Hypotonic, Hypertonic
What is an isotonic imbalance?
When the cells have the same concentration of solutes and water flow is balanced between the cell and surroundings
What is a hypotonic imbalance?
Surrounding solution has a lower solute concentration than the inside of the cell and surroundings
What is hypertonic imbalance?
A surrounding solution that has a greater concentration of solutes than the cells cytoplasm. Cells will lose water a surrounding solution.
