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Cell + Water Flashcards

1
Q

Basic structural units of living organisms

A

Cell

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2
Q

Include bacteria and lack a nucleus or membrane bound structures called organelles

A

Prokaryotes

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3
Q

Have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

A

Eukaryote

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4
Q

A microscopic membrane of lipids and proteins that forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell or encloses a vacuole

A

Plasma membrane

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5
Q

Double membrane surrounding the chromosomes and nucleolus

A

Nucleus

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6
Q

site for synthesis of RNA making up the ribosome

A

Nucleolus

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7
Q

Functions in energy production through metabolism

A

Mitochondrion

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8
Q

Responsible for photosynthesis

A

Chloroplast

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9
Q

Protein and RNA complex responsible for protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

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10
Q

A site for synthesis and metabolism of lipids

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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11
Q

Membrane bound organelle responsible for degrading proteins and membranes in the cell

A

Lysosomes

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12
Q

Helps degrade materials ingested by the cell

A

Lysosome

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13
Q

Membrane surrounded “bags” that contain water and storage materials in plants

A

Vacuoles

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14
Q

Produce and degrade hydrogen peroxide

A

Peroxisomes

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15
Q

A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms

A

Cell wall

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16
Q

Liquid portion of cytoplasm

A

Cytosol

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17
Q

enclosed by the plasma membrane and houses the membranous organelles

A

Cytoplasm

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18
Q

Gives the cell its shape and provides basis for movement

A

Cytoskeleton

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19
Q

Building blocks of cells

A

Biomolecules

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20
Q

Building blocks of proteins

A

Amino acids

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21
Q

Most abundant organic molecule found in nature

A

Carbohydrates

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22
Q

Is the biological medium for all life on earth

A

Water

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23
Q

Attraction between the molecules of two different substances

A

Adhesion

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24
Q

Attraction between molecules of the same substance

A

Cohesion

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25
Alcohol + acid
Ester
26
PROPERTIES OF WATER
Adhesion and Cohesion High specific heat Polar molecule Density - greatest at 4 C Universal solvent of life
27
Cell made in bone marrow found in blood
Erythrocytes
28
Cells that fight diseases
Macrophages
29
Most important cell
Nerve cell
30
Functional group of glycerol
OH Water
31
Molecules stick together causing water to have high surface tension
Cohesive behavior
32
Universal solvent
Water
33
Are water soluble and dissolve easily in water
Hydrophilic substances
34
Do not easily dissolve in water
Hydrophobic substances
35
Have excess H+ ions and a pH below 7
Acids
36
Have excess OH- and a pH above 7
Bases
37
Substances that minimizes the changes in pH within the body
Buffers
38
The property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force, due to the cohesive of its moleecules
Surface tension
39
When liquid flows through narrow spaces without external forces, such as gravity
Capillary action
40
Substances being dissolved in a solution
Solute
41
Liquid that dissolves solutes
Solvent
42
Adding water to break a molecule
Hydrolysis
43
Reverse of dehydration
Hydrolysis
44
Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties
Amphipathic
45
Specialized structures for carrying out vital functions
Organelles
46
Double layer of lipids the encloses the cytoplasm
Cell membrane
47
A specialized structure in a cell to carry out more vital functions
Organelle
48
Holds the cell’s chromosomes
Nucleus
49
Site where DNA replication and RNA transcription takes place
Nucleus
50
Surrounds nucleus which prevents outside interference while DNA replication takes place
Nuclear envelope
51
Specialized region where ribosomes are assembled
Nucleolus
52
Generates ATP
Mitochondria
53
The transport network for specialized molecules for modification or for those with particular destinations
Endoplasmic reticulum
54
Packages macromolecules synthesized by the cell
Golgi apparatus
55
Contains digestive enzymes that digest worn-out organelles and foreign bodies such as food particles, bacteria, and viruses
Lysosome
56
Contains digestive enzymes that digest peroxides
Peroxisome
57
Produces microtubules for the cytoskeleton
Centrosome
58
A membrane-bound liquid-filled space that sequesters waste products of cellular respiration
Vacuole
59
A large complex of protein and RNA molecules that assists in synthesizing proteins from amino acids
Ribosome
60
Primary source of energy for cellular activities within the cell
Carbohydrates
61
Sites of polypeptide and protein synthesis
Ribosomes
62
Twisted protein fibers responsible for cell movement
Actin filament
63
Tube of protein molecules present in cytoplasm, centrioles, cilia, and flagella
Microtubule
64
Semifluid matrix that contains the nucleus and other organelles
Cytoplasm
65
Vesicle fusing with plasma membrane, releasing materials to be secreted from the cell
Secretory vesicle
66
Vesicle that breaks down macromolecules and digests worn out cell components
Lysosome
67
Collects, packages, and distributes molecules manufactured in the cell
Golgi apparatus
68
Lipid bilayer in which proteins are embedded
Plasma membrane
69
Command center of the cell
Nucleus
70
Site where ribosomes are produced
Nucleolus
71
Double membrane between the nucleus and cytoplasm
Nuclear envelope
72
Small complexes of RNA and protein that are the sites of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
73
Vesicle that contains enzymes that carry out particular reactions such as detoxifying potentially harmful molecules
Peroxisome
74
FOUR COMPONENTS OF CELL
Plasma membrane Region containing DNA Cytoplasm Biochemical molecules & Biochemical pathways
75
Cells that connect body parts or cover and line organs
Epithelial cells
76
Cells that move organs and body parts
Skeletal muscle cell
77
Cell that stores nutrients
Fat cell
78
Cell that gathers information and controls body functions
Nerve cell
79
What is cell wall composed of?
Peptidoglycan
80
4 LINEAGES OF EUKARYOTES
Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia
81
Most abundant lipid
Phospholipids
82
Site of lipid synthesis and drug metabolism
Smooth ER
83
Site of much protein synthesis
Rough ER
84
Receives substances from ER, refines and packages them
Golgi apparatus
85
Propel a cell through its surroundings
Flagella
86
Move water relative to the cell in a regular movement
Cilia
87
Which end of water is positive and negative
Oxygen end - negative Hydrogen end - positive
88
Cohesion results to _____
Surface tension
89
A measure of the force necessary to stretch or break the surface of a liquid
Surface tension
90
What causes capillary action
Adhesion
91
Responsible for the transport of the water column in plants
Cohesion
92
Plays a key role in the transport of water against gravity in plants
Cohesion
93
Is the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by 1 C
Specific heat
94
Amount of energy to convert 1g of a substance from a liquid to a gas
High heat of vaporization
95
Doesn’t dissolve but separate
Suspensions
96
Blood is __% water
80%

BIOCHEM (5 decks)

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