Carbohydrates & Lipids

Question 1

A polyhydroxyaldehyde or polyhydroxyketone, or a substance that gives these compounds on hydrolysis

Answer 1

Carbohydrate

Question 2

A carbohydrate that cannot be hydrolyzed to a simpler carbohydrate

Answer 2

Monosaccharide

Question 3

Building blocks of all carbohydrates

Answer 3

Monosaccharide

Question 4

Formula of monosaccharide

Answer 4

CnH2nOn

Question 5

A monosaccharide containing an aldehyde group

Answer 5

Aldose

Question 6

A monosaccharide containing a ketone group

Answer 6

Ketose

Question 7

Simplest carbohydrate monosaccharides

Answer 7

Trioses

Question 8

Contains a stereocenter and exists as a pair of enantiomers

Answer 8

Glyceraldehyde

Question 9

Mirror-images stereoisomers

Answer 9

Enantiomers

Question 10

The new stereocenter resulting from cyclic hemiacetal formation

Answer 10

Anomeric carbon

Question 11

Carbohydrates that differ in configuration only at their anomeric carbons

Answer 11

Anomers

Question 12

One that reduces an oxidizing agent

Answer 12

Reducing sugar

Question 13

When the carbonyl group of sugar is reduced to a hydroxyl group, the resulting compound is one of the polyhydroxy alcohols known as _____

Answer 13

Alditols

Question 14

Are particularly important in the metabolism of sugars to provide energy

Answer 14

Phosphoric esters

Question 16

The bond from the anomeric carbon to the -OR group

Answer 16

Glycosidic bond

Question 17

a monosaccharide that, when written as a Fischer projection, has the -OH on its penultimate carbon on the RIGHT

Answer 17

D-monosaccharide

Question 18

a monosaccharide that, when written as a Fischer projection, has the -OH on its penultimate carbon on the LEFT

Answer 18

L-monosaccharide

Question 19

Stereoisomers that are mirror images

Answer 19

Enantiomers

Question 20

Stereoisomers that are not mirror images

Answer 20

Diastereomers

Question 21

SUGAR FORMS A CYCLIC MOLECULE

Cyclization of sugars using C1 to C5=

Answer 21

Hemiacetal

Question 22

SUGAR FORMS A CYCLIC MOLECULE

Cyclization using C2 to C5 =

Answer 22

Hemiketal

Question 23

Most stable arrangement in cyclic form of simple sugars

Answer 23

Hemiketal formation

Question 24

The new stereocenter resulting form cyclic hemiacetal formation

Answer 24

Anomeric carbon

Question 25

Carbohydrates that differ in configuration only

Answer 25

Anomers

Question 26

A condition which lipid deposits blood that leads to blood disease

Answer 26

Arteriosclerosis

Question 27

The major structural component of the exoskeletons of invertebrates, such as insects and crustaceans

Answer 27

Chitin

Question 28

Major component of bacterial cell walls

Answer 28

Heteropolysaccharides

Question 29

Polysaccharides based on a repeating disaccharide where one of the monomers is an amino sugar and the other has a negative charge due to a sulfate or carboxylate group

Answer 29

Glycosaminoglycans

Question 30

Natural anticoagulant

Answer 30

Heparin

Question 31

A component of vitreous humor of the eye and the lubricating fluid of joints

Answer 31

Hyaluronic acid

Question 32

Components of connective tissue

Answer 32

Chondroitin sulfate Keratan sulfate

Question 33

Parent components for glycolipids

Answer 33

Ceramides

Question 34

Are heterogenous class of naturally occurring organic compounds classified together on the basis of common solubility properties

Answer 34

Lipids

Question 35

4 PRIMARY FUNCTIONS OF LIPIDS

Answer 35

Fuel molecules Signal molecules Energy stores Membranes

Question 36

Key constituents of all lipids

Answer 36

Fatty acids

Question 37

Unbranched-chain carboxylic acid derived from hydrolysis of animal fats, vegetable oils, or phosphodiacylglycerols of biological membranes

Answer 37

Fatty acid

Question 38

Contains H+O but cannot form hydrogen bond

Answer 38

Aprotic

Question 39

Phytochemicals present in plants which give their distinct odor

Answer 39

Terpenes

Question 40

is found in almost every cell in the body, and it is a powerful antioxidant. Normally used in cosmetics

Answer 40

Coenzyme Q10

Question 41

Links fatty acids together

Answer 41

Ester linkage

Question 42

Converts unsaturated fats into trans fats (bad fats) by adding hydrogen

Answer 42

Hydrogenation

Question 43

Have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible and no double bonds

Answer 43

Saturated fatty acids

Question 44

Have one or more double bonds

Answer 44

Unsaturated fatty acids

Question 45

Most animal fats are _____

Answer 45

Saturated

Question 46

Plant fats and fish fats are usually _____

Answer 46

Unsaturated

Question 47

Simplest monosaccharide

Answer 47

Glyceraldehyde

Question 48

Major function of fats

Answer 48

Energy storage

Question 49

Humans and other animal store their fat in _____

Answer 49

Adipose cells

Question 50

Also cushion vital organs and insulated the body

Answer 50

Adipose tissue

Question 51

An ester of glycerol with three fatty acids

Answer 51

Triglyceride

Question 52

Production of soap

Answer 52

Saponification

Question 53

Are the second most abundant group of naturally occurring lipids

Answer 53

Phosphoglycerides

Question 54

A complex mixture of esters of long-chain carboxyic acids and alcohols

Answer 54

Waxes

Question 55

A carbohydrate in which the -OH of the anomeric carbon is replaced by -OR

Answer 55

Glycoside