cell ultrastructure Flashcards
nucleus structure + funct
has double membrane with nuclear pores
contains genetic material
- DNA wrap around histones form chromatin which coil to form chromosomes
control cell
store genome
instructions protein synthesis
nucleolus structure + funct
region of the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is assembled into ribosomes
nuclear envelope structure + funct
separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm provides the structural framework of the nucleus
rough er structure + funct
system of membranes continuous with nuclear envelope
coated in ribosomes
fluid filled space called cisternae
site protein synthesis
smooth er
system membranes continuous nuclear envelope but no ribosomes
enzymes for lipid/hormone/cholesterol synthesis
lysosomes
vesicle with hydrolytic enzymes
membrane to keep enzymes seperate
digest foreign material
golgi
stack of membrane bound flattened sacs
packages and modifies proteins ready to be released to cell or out membrane
mitochondria
double membrane with fluid filled space
inner fold = cristae
produces ATP
common in cells where metabolic activity high eg muscles
ribosomes
large and small subunit
no membrane
site protein synthesis
made of ribosomal RNA
chloroplast
double membrane
inner sac has chloroplasts= thylakoid
fluid filled matrix = stroma
loop DNA and starch grains
site photosynthesis
water split supply grana with H+
H+ reduces co2 using ATP making carbohydrates in stroma
plasma membrane
phospholipid bilayer
separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment
cell wall
network cellulose microfibrils
provide strength and protection
centrioles
made of microtubules
9+0 arrangement
organise spindle fibres
flagella
hair-like structures involved in the movement of a cell
bacterial cells
cilia
hair-like structures present on the surface of all mammalian cells
can move due to microtubules
